Collaborative Research: The interplay of surface evolution, shallow magmatism, a large hydrothermal system, and hazards at Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Volcanic Complex, Chile

合作研究：智利 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle 火山群地表演化、浅层岩浆作用、大型热液系统和灾害的相互作用

• 批准号: 2317730
• 负责人: Matthew Pritchard
• 金额: $ 57.32万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317730&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; interplay; surface; evolution

Volcanic landscapes pose a variety of natural hazards to local and regional communities, including volcanic explosions and outpouring of lava, large-scale land sliding of resulting steep terrains, and the formation of shallow hydrothermal systems. The hydrothermal systems affect water quality and weaken the overlying rocks further increasing the likelihood of major landslides. Larger volcanic eruptions may impact air traffic and therefore disrupt the global economy. Several of these geohazards occurred during the large 2011-12 eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile, with its volcanic ash plume reaching large parts of South America including Buenos Aires. The natural hazards continue to pose a major risk for the region, because the eruption was accompanied by a shallow intrusion of magma that has established a vigorous hydrothermal system within a steep edifice scarred by numerous large surface cracks, indicative of slope instability. This eruption sequence, the near-surface intrusion, and its surroundings present a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of the genesis and current state of this recently formed intrusion, which serves as a model for near-surface magmatic intrusions globally. The goal of this project is ability to evaluate and understand the natural hazards associated with intrusions, in particular those arising from the interactions between surface processes, hydrothermal, and magmatic processes. Furthermore, the proposed work aims to advance our understanding of how volcanic eruptions transition from explosive to effusive behavior and these transitions may lead to the formation of shallow intrusions. In addition to building a strong US-Chilean collaborative effort with this project, the team will facilitate a large community-research component, where students will be invited to participate in field and other research activities.Subduction zones create volcanic arcs that are dynamic environments of steep terrain built and modified by the interplay between volcanic, plutonic, and landscape processes. Water acts as the key agent for dynamical interactions, in the form of the hydrothermal system that exists in the shallow subsurface and in the form of erosional processes. Understanding of how the magmatic-hydrothermal sphere and surface- and hydrosphere interact when volcanic activity fundamentally alters the landscape on decadal time scales remains a major challenge. The proposed project is centered around the 2011-12 Córdon Caulle laccolith, one of the most dynamic landscapes on Earth. It is unique because of the intersection of an active plutonic and volcanic realm with the shallow subsurface and surface. It affords the opportunity to study ongoing processes that act at the intersection of magma pathways to the surface, shallow magma intrusion, hydrosphere, and surface. The focus will be on enhancing knowledge about laccolith initiation and development through the integration of existing and newly proposed observations with geophysical and geochemical models, in order to ascertain the current state of the system and project its future evolution. The project combines methods of volcanology, geophysics, aqueous geochemistry, and geomorphology. It will add new insight into the internal and external processes that build and modify near-surface intrusions. It aims to answer why buoyant magma, despite having already an open path to the surface, intruded laterally within hundreds of meters of the surface. Beyond exploration of laccolith genesis, the project seeks to provide a basis for assessing its current state and future evolution through the integration of a wide range of existing and newly proposed observations of structure, mass and heat flux in and out of the intrusion, and its surface evolution as modulated by the interior and exterior processes. The project will foster international collaborations that strengthen scientific relationships between the US and Chile. The project will have an open structure that actively broadens the science community working on this volcanic system via a field school component. An outreach component will involve rural middle schools that are directly affected by regional volcanism. This project is jointly funded by Frontier Research in Earth Sciences (FRES) and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山地貌对当地和区域社区构成各种自然危害，包括火山爆发和熔岩涌出、大规模的陆地滑动造成陡峭地形，以及形成浅层热液系统。热液系统影响水质，并削弱了覆盖的岩石，进一步增加了发生重大滑坡的可能性。更大规模的火山爆发可能会影响空中交通，从而扰乱全球经济。其中一些地质灾害发生在2011-12年智利Cordón Caulle的大爆发期间，其火山灰羽流到达南美洲的大部分地区，包括布宜诺斯艾利斯。自然灾害继续对该地区构成重大风险，因为火山爆发时有岩浆浅侵入，在一个陡峭的建筑物内建立了一个活跃的热液系统，该建筑物上有许多大的表面裂缝，表明斜坡不稳定。这一喷发序列，近地表侵入体及其周围环境提供了一个独特的机会，以促进我们对这一最近形成的侵入体的成因和现状的了解，这是全球近地表岩浆侵入体的模型。该项目的目标是能够评估和了解与侵入体有关的自然危害，特别是那些由地表过程、热液和岩浆过程之间的相互作用引起的危害。此外，拟议的工作旨在推进我们对火山喷发如何从爆炸性转变为喷发行为的理解，这些转变可能导致浅侵入体的形成。除了通过该项目建立强大的美国-智利合作努力外，该团队还将促进一个大型社区研究组成部分，学生将被邀请参加实地和其他研究活动。俯冲带创建火山弧，这些火山弧是由火山，深成岩和景观过程之间的相互作用建立和修改的陡峭地形的动态环境。水作为动力相互作用的关键因素，以浅层地下热液系统的形式和侵蚀过程的形式存在。当火山活动从根本上改变十年时间尺度上的地貌时，了解岩浆热液圈与地表和水圈如何相互作用仍然是一个重大挑战。拟议的项目是围绕2011-12年Córdon Caulle岩盖，地球上最具活力的景观之一。它是独一无二的，因为一个活跃的深成和火山领域与浅地下和表面的交叉点。它提供了一个机会，研究正在进行的过程，在岩浆通道的交叉点，表面，浅岩浆侵入，水圈和表面的行为。重点将是通过将现有和新提出的观测结果与地球物理和地球化学模型相结合，加强对岩盖形成和发展的了解，以确定该系统的现状并预测其未来演变。该项目结合了火山学、地球物理学、水地球化学和地貌学的方法。它将增加对建立和修改近地表入侵的内部和外部过程的新见解。它的目的是回答为什么浮力岩浆，尽管已经有一个开放的路径到表面，横向侵入数百米的表面。除了对岩盖成因的探索之外，该项目还试图通过整合对侵入体内外的结构、质量和热通量以及受内部和外部过程调制的表面演变的广泛现有和新提议的观测，为评估其现状和未来演变提供基础。该项目将促进国际合作，加强美国和智利之间的科学关系。该项目将有一个开放的结构，积极扩大科学界通过实地学校的组成部分，在这个火山系统的工作。一个外联部分将涉及直接受区域火山活动影响的农村中学。该项目由地球科学前沿研究（FRES）和激励竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。