Geomorphic effects and distribution of anthropogenic debris in urban streams

城市溪流中人为碎片的地貌效应和分布

• 批准号: 2319007
• 负责人: Anne Jefferson
• 金额: $ 33.91万
• 依托单位: University of Vermont & State Agricultural College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2319007&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Geomorphic; effects; distribution; anthropogenic; debris

Urban streams are full of garbage: from plastic wrappers to car tires, from shopping carts to construction debris. This garbage degrades the local environment, poses risks to human health, requires repeated volunteer clean up efforts, and may be a significant source of the plastics and microplastics found in lakes, oceans, and coastlines. Yet currently, we have a poor understanding of how garbage moves through and is stored within urban streams, and how it interacts with sediment, wood, and engineered structures along the way. This project seeks to address two fundamental questions: (1) what controls where garbage is found in streams? and (2) what controls what garbage does to channel form and function? With its wide variety of shapes and material properties, garbage is likely to behave in ways that are not predicted or explained by existing models of sediment transport. By measuring how garbage actually behaves in urban streams, this research will improve these models and advance science about the physical behavior of materials in streams and rivers. The results of this research will be useful for guiding litter management in cities and environmental clean-up and restoration efforts. The project will also provide educational opportunities for the public at community festivals and environmental events, as well as undergraduate and graduate students. This project aims to quantify the geomorphic effects of garbage, or anthropogenic debris, in urban streams, by investigating the controls on its distribution and the changes that it produces. Geomorphic assessments, including quantification of anthropogenic macro-debris (5 cm), conducted in an extensive, multi-city set of stream reaches will quantify its distribution within and across urban stream reaches and its interaction with other stream elements. Time lapse photography and repeat surveys of large debris, streambed topography, and sediment size will quantify debris mobility and geomorphic change as a function of geomorphology and hydrology. Flume experiments will identify the effects of debris properties and interactions among objects on the transport mechanics and geomorphic effects of anthropogenic debris. The field and laboratory work in this project will inform generalizable understanding of how material properties influence the geomorphic function of objects in fluvial systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

城市溪流中充斥着垃圾：从塑料包装纸到汽车轮胎，从购物车到建筑垃圾。这些垃圾使当地环境恶化，对人类健康构成威胁，需要志愿者反复清理，并且可能是湖泊、海洋和海岸线中发现的塑料和微塑料的重要来源。然而，目前，我们对垃圾如何在城市溪流中移动和储存，以及它如何与沿途的沉积物，木材和工程结构相互作用知之甚少。这个项目试图解决两个基本问题：(1)是什么控制垃圾在流中的位置？(2)是什么控制垃圾对通道的形式和功能？由于其形状和材料特性的多样性，垃圾的行为方式可能无法用现有的沉积物运输模型来预测或解释。通过测量垃圾在城市河流中的实际行为，这项研究将改进这些模型，并推进有关溪流和河流中物质物理行为的科学研究。研究结果对指导城市垃圾管理和环境清理与恢复工作具有重要意义。该项目还将在社区节日和环境活动中为公众以及本科生和研究生提供教育机会。该项目旨在通过调查对垃圾或人为碎片的分布及其产生的变化的控制，量化城市河流中垃圾或人为碎片的地貌影响。地貌评估，包括在一个广泛的、多城市的河流流域进行的人为大碎片（5厘米）的量化，将量化其在城市河流流域内和跨城市河流流域的分布及其与其他河流要素的相互作用。对大块碎屑、河床地形和沉积物大小的延时摄影和重复调查将量化碎屑流动性和地貌变化作为地貌和水文的功能。水槽实验将确定碎片特性和物体之间的相互作用对人为碎片的运输力学和地貌效应的影响。该项目的实地和实验室工作将有助于对河流系统中物质特性如何影响物体地貌功能的一般性理解。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。