Draft and production of double-curved lightweight concrete structures with bionic inspired force transmission elements by the use of flexible GFRP-formworks

近些年来，现代建筑越来越倾向于创造有机的、更具双曲面性的建筑。目前，生产这些由混凝土制成的大型构件需要复杂的模板，这通常是昂贵的，需要大量材料。一期工程柔性多层玻璃钢模板的出现，为解决这一问题提供了一种新的技术途径。因此，通过利用各向异性结构行为来进行所定义的曲率状态的调整。由此产生的纤维混凝土弯曲构件在建筑物上的锚固需要大量的扣件。即便如此，这些紧固元件还是充分发挥了此类结构的轻量化潜力。为了规划传力区域，应开发新的紧固元件作为金属分形件。因此，可以实现不同材料的优化联锁，从而实现最佳的负荷传递。此外，通过具有可变纬向和经向偏移量的多轴向技术，应通过纤维取向的可变组装来实现复合元件的高特性的充分利用。新的多轴技术沿着力的曲线工作，特别是在力传递领域。由于力传递领域存在复杂的固态应力，因此必须采用先进的计算和优化方法。对于双曲线轻混凝土结构的技术实施，应根据曲率状态对混凝土进行调整。特别是对混凝土基质的加工工艺和流变性进行了探索和调整。为此，应建立基于仿生模型的人工神经网络，并适当优化矿物基质的性质剖面。最后给出了一个快速编程系统。因此，计算和土木工程师可以对纤维钢筋和模板构件的混凝土性能进行适当的调整。

In recent years the modern architecture is determined by the trend to create buildings with organic and furthermore double curved surfaces. At present, the production of those large-scaled elements made of concrete necessitates complex formworks, which are typically costly and requiring a lot of material. With the flexible multi-layered GFRP-formworks from project phase one a new technological approach for a solution can relieve the drawbacks as far as possible. Thereby an adjustment of defined curvature states is made by the utilisation of the anisotropic structural behaviour. Thus produced curved elements of fibre reinforced concrete need a large number of fastening elements for the anchoring on buildings. Even so, those fastening elements dish the lightweight potential of such structures. To scheme the force transmission areas, new fastening elements shall be developed as metallic fractal inserts. Hence, an optimised interlocking of the different materials and consequently the best possible load transfer can be achieved. Furthermore, a full utilisation of the high specific properties of the compound element shall be accomplished with a variable assembly of the fibre orientation by means of the multi axial technique with variable weft- and warp-offset. The new multi axial technique works along the curved lines of force and particularly in the areas of force transmission. Because of the complex solid states of stress in the areas of force transmission, advanced computing and optimisation methods have to be involved. For the technological implementation of the double curved lightweight concrete structure an adjustment of the concrete depending on the curvature state should be realised. Especially the processing technology and rheological properties of the concrete matrix shall be explored and furthermore adjusted. Thereto, an artificial neuronal network based on bionic models should be generated and the property profile of the mineral matrix shall be optimised suitable. Finally a fast programming system is provided. Therefore, the calculation and civil engineers can suitably adjust the concrete properties regarding to fibre reinforcement and formwork elements.