Draft and production of double-curved lightweight concrete structures with bionic inspired force transmission elements by the use of flexible GFRP-formworks

近年来，现代建筑的发展趋势是创造具有有机和双重曲面的建筑。目前，那些由混凝土制成的大型构件的生产需要复杂的模板，这通常是昂贵的，需要大量的材料。利用项目一期的柔性多层gfrp模板，一种新的解决方案技术方法可以尽可能地减轻缺点。因此，通过利用各向异性结构行为来调整定义的曲率状态。由此产生的纤维混凝土弯曲构件需要大量的紧固构件在建筑物上进行锚固。即便如此，这些紧固元件还是发挥了这种结构的轻量化潜力。为了设计传力区域，应开发新型的金属分形嵌套紧固元件。因此，可以实现不同材料的优化联锁，从而实现最佳的负载转移。此外，要充分利用复合材料的高特性，应采用多轴技术，采用可变经纬偏移的方式，对纤维方向进行可变装配。新的多轴技术沿着力的曲线工作，特别是在力传递区域。由于在力传递领域的复杂固体应力状态，必须涉及先进的计算和优化方法。为了实现双曲线轻量混凝土结构的技术实现，需要实现混凝土随曲率状态的调整。特别是混凝土基体的加工工艺和流变特性还需进一步探索和调整。为此，需要建立基于仿生模型的人工神经网络，并对矿物基质的性质剖面进行优化。最后给出了一个快速编程系统。因此，计算和土木工程师可以根据纤维钢筋和模板元件适当调整混凝土的性能。

In recent years the modern architecture is determined by the trend to create buildings with organic and furthermore double curved surfaces. At present, the production of those large-scaled elements made of concrete necessitates complex formworks, which are typically costly and requiring a lot of material. With the flexible multi-layered GFRP-formworks from project phase one a new technological approach for a solution can relieve the drawbacks as far as possible. Thereby an adjustment of defined curvature states is made by the utilisation of the anisotropic structural behaviour. Thus produced curved elements of fibre reinforced concrete need a large number of fastening elements for the anchoring on buildings. Even so, those fastening elements dish the lightweight potential of such structures. To scheme the force transmission areas, new fastening elements shall be developed as metallic fractal inserts. Hence, an optimised interlocking of the different materials and consequently the best possible load transfer can be achieved. Furthermore, a full utilisation of the high specific properties of the compound element shall be accomplished with a variable assembly of the fibre orientation by means of the multi axial technique with variable weft- and warp-offset. The new multi axial technique works along the curved lines of force and particularly in the areas of force transmission. Because of the complex solid states of stress in the areas of force transmission, advanced computing and optimisation methods have to be involved. For the technological implementation of the double curved lightweight concrete structure an adjustment of the concrete depending on the curvature state should be realised. Especially the processing technology and rheological properties of the concrete matrix shall be explored and furthermore adjusted. Thereto, an artificial neuronal network based on bionic models should be generated and the property profile of the mineral matrix shall be optimised suitable. Finally a fast programming system is provided. Therefore, the calculation and civil engineers can suitably adjust the concrete properties regarding to fibre reinforcement and formwork elements.