Draft and production of double-curved lightweight concrete structures with bionic inspired force transmission elements by the use of flexible GFRP-formworks

近年来，现代建筑的趋势是创造具有有机和双曲面的建筑。目前，由混凝土制成的那些大型元件的生产需要复杂的模板，其通常是昂贵的并且需要大量材料。随着灵活的多层玻璃钢模板从项目第一阶段的一个新的技术方法的解决方案可以减轻缺点尽可能。因此，通过利用各向异性的结构行为来进行所定义的曲率状态的调整。因此，生产的纤维增强混凝土弯曲元件需要大量的紧固元件用于锚固在建筑物上。即便如此，这些紧固元件也破坏了这种结构的轻量化潜力。为了设计力传递区域，应开发新的紧固元件作为金属分形插入物。因此，可以实现不同材料的优化互锁，从而实现最佳的负载传递。此外，复合元件的高特定性能的充分利用将通过具有可变纬向偏移和经向偏移的多轴技术的纤维取向的可变组装来实现。新的多轴技术沿着力的曲线工作，特别是在力传递的区域。由于力传递领域的应力状态复杂，因此必须采用先进的计算和优化方法。对于双曲面轻质混凝土结构的技术实施，应实现根据曲率状态对混凝土的调节。特别是对混凝土基体的加工工艺和流变性能进行探索和调整。为此，应生成基于仿生模型的人工神经元网络，并且应适当地优化矿物基质的性质分布。最后给出了一个快速编程系统。因此，计算和土木工程师可以适当地调整纤维增强和模板元件的混凝土性能。

In recent years the modern architecture is determined by the trend to create buildings with organic and furthermore double curved surfaces. At present, the production of those large-scaled elements made of concrete necessitates complex formworks, which are typically costly and requiring a lot of material. With the flexible multi-layered GFRP-formworks from project phase one a new technological approach for a solution can relieve the drawbacks as far as possible. Thereby an adjustment of defined curvature states is made by the utilisation of the anisotropic structural behaviour. Thus produced curved elements of fibre reinforced concrete need a large number of fastening elements for the anchoring on buildings. Even so, those fastening elements dish the lightweight potential of such structures. To scheme the force transmission areas, new fastening elements shall be developed as metallic fractal inserts. Hence, an optimised interlocking of the different materials and consequently the best possible load transfer can be achieved. Furthermore, a full utilisation of the high specific properties of the compound element shall be accomplished with a variable assembly of the fibre orientation by means of the multi axial technique with variable weft- and warp-offset. The new multi axial technique works along the curved lines of force and particularly in the areas of force transmission. Because of the complex solid states of stress in the areas of force transmission, advanced computing and optimisation methods have to be involved. For the technological implementation of the double curved lightweight concrete structure an adjustment of the concrete depending on the curvature state should be realised. Especially the processing technology and rheological properties of the concrete matrix shall be explored and furthermore adjusted. Thereto, an artificial neuronal network based on bionic models should be generated and the property profile of the mineral matrix shall be optimised suitable. Finally a fast programming system is provided. Therefore, the calculation and civil engineers can suitably adjust the concrete properties regarding to fibre reinforcement and formwork elements.