Collaborative Research: DMREF: Hybrid Materials for Superfluorescent Quantum Emitters

非技术描述：根据量子物理定律，粒子以最小的尺度相互作用，表现出波浪状的性质。然而，当大量粒子聚集时，它们的量子特性就会消失。有些材料在非常低的温度下表现出量子性质。值得注意的例子是超导体和超流体。遗憾的是，低温要求限制了它们在技术上的实际应用。超荧光是一种类似的量子效应，涉及一组量子发射体的光发射，在纠缠光子源和可调强光源方面具有潜在的应用。令人惊讶的是，使用由无机卤化铅钙钛矿和有机分子组成的杂化材料，已经在室温下实现了超荧光。该项目旨在发现在更广泛的杂化材料范围内表现出室温超荧光可调的可见光光谱的量子材料。该项目通过收集材料、数据和科学理解以及培训相关的研究和开发队伍，为材料基因组学倡议的目标服务。教育活动包括从为经济困难社区服务的高中进行实地考察，以增加人们对STEM职业的兴趣。利用本科项目的研究经验，以及与附近历史上的黑人学院和大学的合作，将招募暑期实习生。每年，将组织理论和实验研讨会，就与混合材料中的量子现象有关的主题培训职业生涯早期的研究人员。该项目的一个主要的更广泛的影响是在一个通用的开放数据库“杂交D3”中增加了将宏观量子性质与材料性质联系起来的材料数据，该数据库致力于为材料研究和开发界提供精选的材料数据。技术描述：该研究计划将促进目前对量子材料的理解，并将为室温超荧光量子发射器建立一个设计空间。该计划汇集了四个团队，他们拥有材料合成、激光光谱量子性质表征、第一性原理理论和计算材料模拟方面的专业知识，以研究一系列杂化金属卤化物钙钛矿(HMHP)材料的超荧光。在超荧光中，从电子-空穴对的初始激发到宏观相干的形成及其辐射的整个相变过程都可以通过光谱工具实时测量。因此，超荧光提供了一个窗口，可以用来发现材料性质的复杂相互作用，如化学和介观结构、量子限制和电子-晶格相互作用以及它们对偶极集体行为的影响。HMHP是这项研究的理想选择，因为它们形成了一个通用的平台，能够通过溶液处理实现从原子尺度到介观尺度的材料可调。通过系统地研究具有可调谐材料性质的超荧光发射HMHP材料，并计算基本的电子-电子和电子-晶格相互作用，该程序将产生可重复使用的数据，这些数据将与材料特性有关，如临界温度、阈值激发密度、颜色可调谐性和超荧光的时空相干性。最终，从这个项目中获得的见解可能会使超荧光在光子设备中用作量子光学效应。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical Description: Particles interact at the smallest scale according to the laws of quantum physics, exhibiting wave-like properties. However, when a large number of particles cluster, their quantum characteristics are lost. Some materials, show quantum properties at very low temperatures. Notable examples are superconductors and superfluids. Unfortunately, the low temperature requirement limits their practical use in technology. Superfluorescence, a similar quantum effect involving light emission from a group of quantum emitters, has potential applications in entangled photon sources and tunable intense light sources. Surprisingly, superfluorescence has been achieved at room temperature using hybrid materials made of inorganic lead halide perovskites and organic molecules. This project aims to discover quantum materials that exhibit room temperature superfluorescence tunable across the visible spectra in the broader range of hybrid materials. The project serves the goals of the Materials Genomics Initiative by collecting materials data and scientific understanding and training an associated research and development workforce. The educational activities involve field trips from high schools serving economically disadvantaged communities to increase interest in STEM careers. Using research experience for undergraduate programs and collaboration with historically black colleges and universities in the vicinity, summer interns will be recruited. Annually, theory and experiment workshops will be organized to train early-career researchers on topics related to quantum phenomena in hybrid materials. A major broader impact of the project is the addition of materials data that relates macroscopic quantum properties to material properties in a general, open database "HybriD3," which is dedicated to providing curated materials data for the materials research and development community.Technical Description: The research program will advance the current understanding of quantum materials and will establish a design space for room-temperature superfluorescent quantum emitters. The program brings together four teams with expertise in material synthesis, quantum property characterization by laser spectroscopies, first principles theory and computational materials simulations to investigate superfluorescence in a range of hybrid metal halide perovskite (HMHP) materials. In superfluorescence, the whole phase transition process, from the initial excitation of electron-hole pairs to the formation of a macroscopic coherence and its radiation, is measurable by spectroscopic tools in real-time. As a result, superfluorescence provides a window into discovering sophisticated interplay of material properties such as chemical, and mesoscopic structure, quantum confinement, and electron-lattice interactions and their impact on the collective behavior of dipoles. HMHP are ideal for this study because they form a versatile platform that enables material tunability from atomistic scale to mesoscale through solution processing. By systematically studying superfluorescent emitting HMHP materials with tuned material properties and calculating the fundamental electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions, this program will produce reusable data that relates characteristics, such as critical temperature, threshold excitation density, color tunability, and spatial and temporal coherence of superfluorescence to material characteristics. Ultimately, insights derived from this project may make superfluorescence usable as a quantum optical effect in photonic devices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.