Collaborative Research: DMREF: Hybrid Materials for Superfluorescent Quantum Emitters

非技术描述：粒子根据量子物理定律在最小尺度上相互作用，表现出波状特性。然而，当大量粒子聚集时，它们的量子特性会丢失。一些材料在非常低的温度下表现出量子特性。著名的例子是超导体和超流体。不幸的是，低温要求限制了它们在技术上的实际应用。超荧光是一种类似的量子效应，涉及一组量子发射器的光发射，在纠缠光子源和可调强光源中具有潜在的应用。令人惊讶的是，在室温下使用无机卤化铅、钙钛矿和有机分子制成的杂化材料实现了超荧光。该项目旨在发现在更大范围的混合材料中表现出室温超荧光可调的可见光谱的量子材料。该项目通过收集材料数据和科学理解以及培训相关的研发人员，为材料基因组计划的目标服务。教育活动包括为经济弱势社区服务的高中的实地考察，以增加对STEM职业的兴趣。利用本科项目的研究经验，以及与附近传统黑人学院和大学的合作，将招募暑期实习生。每年，将组织理论和实验研讨会，培训与混合材料量子现象相关的早期职业研究人员。该项目的一个主要影响是在一个通用的开放数据库“HybriD3”中增加了材料数据，这些数据将宏观量子特性与材料特性联系起来，该数据库致力于为材料研究和开发社区提供精心策划的材料数据。技术描述：该研究计划将推进当前对量子材料的理解，并将建立室温超荧光量子发射器的设计空间。该计划汇集了四个具有材料合成，激光光谱量子特性表征，第一性原理理论和计算材料模拟专业知识的团队，以研究一系列混合金属卤化物钙钛矿（HMHP）材料中的超荧光。在超荧光中，整个相变过程，从电子-空穴对的初始激发到宏观相干及其辐射的形成，都可以用光谱工具实时测量。因此，超荧光提供了一个窗口，以发现复杂的相互作用的材料性质，如化学，介观结构，量子限制，电子-晶格相互作用及其对偶极子的集体行为的影响。HMHP是这项研究的理想选择，因为它们形成了一个通用的平台，通过溶液处理使材料从原子尺度到中尺度的可调性成为可能。通过系统地研究具有调谐材料特性的超荧光发射HMHP材料，并计算基本的电子-电子和电子-晶格相互作用，该项目将产生可重复使用的数据，这些数据与材料特性相关，如临界温度、阈值激发密度、颜色可调性以及超荧光的时空相干性。最终，从这个项目中获得的见解可能使超荧光可用作光子器件中的量子光学效应。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Non-technical Description: Particles interact at the smallest scale according to the laws of quantum physics, exhibiting wave-like properties. However, when a large number of particles cluster, their quantum characteristics are lost. Some materials, show quantum properties at very low temperatures. Notable examples are superconductors and superfluids. Unfortunately, the low temperature requirement limits their practical use in technology. Superfluorescence, a similar quantum effect involving light emission from a group of quantum emitters, has potential applications in entangled photon sources and tunable intense light sources. Surprisingly, superfluorescence has been achieved at room temperature using hybrid materials made of inorganic lead halide perovskites and organic molecules. This project aims to discover quantum materials that exhibit room temperature superfluorescence tunable across the visible spectra in the broader range of hybrid materials. The project serves the goals of the Materials Genomics Initiative by collecting materials data and scientific understanding and training an associated research and development workforce. The educational activities involve field trips from high schools serving economically disadvantaged communities to increase interest in STEM careers. Using research experience for undergraduate programs and collaboration with historically black colleges and universities in the vicinity, summer interns will be recruited. Annually, theory and experiment workshops will be organized to train early-career researchers on topics related to quantum phenomena in hybrid materials. A major broader impact of the project is the addition of materials data that relates macroscopic quantum properties to material properties in a general, open database "HybriD3," which is dedicated to providing curated materials data for the materials research and development community.Technical Description: The research program will advance the current understanding of quantum materials and will establish a design space for room-temperature superfluorescent quantum emitters. The program brings together four teams with expertise in material synthesis, quantum property characterization by laser spectroscopies, first principles theory and computational materials simulations to investigate superfluorescence in a range of hybrid metal halide perovskite (HMHP) materials. In superfluorescence, the whole phase transition process, from the initial excitation of electron-hole pairs to the formation of a macroscopic coherence and its radiation, is measurable by spectroscopic tools in real-time. As a result, superfluorescence provides a window into discovering sophisticated interplay of material properties such as chemical, and mesoscopic structure, quantum confinement, and electron-lattice interactions and their impact on the collective behavior of dipoles. HMHP are ideal for this study because they form a versatile platform that enables material tunability from atomistic scale to mesoscale through solution processing. By systematically studying superfluorescent emitting HMHP materials with tuned material properties and calculating the fundamental electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions, this program will produce reusable data that relates characteristics, such as critical temperature, threshold excitation density, color tunability, and spatial and temporal coherence of superfluorescence to material characteristics. Ultimately, insights derived from this project may make superfluorescence usable as a quantum optical effect in photonic devices.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.