Exploring the adaptive within- and between bloom dynamics of heterogenic dinoflagellate population of the toxigenic Alexandrium ostenfeldii in field and laboratory experiments.

影响物种间相互作用的性状对种群稳定和物种共存至关重要，因为这些性状内的变异将直接决定物种适合度，并间接影响相互作用伙伴的适合度。在包括捕食和竞争在内的对抗性相互作用的情况下，这些特征的变异将被选择性地保持。因此，任何试图理解多样性-恢复力关系的尝试都应该将生态系统关键物种的物种相互作用特征的功能变异作为一个机制基础。在这里，我们建议研究与非生物(营养限制和温度)和生物(竞争和捕食)应激源之间的关系，在化感作用产生中选择性地保持多样性，这是一种普遍存在的特征，可以减少甲藻在开花期间的竞争和放牧。我们将结合现场观察、微观世界和恒化器实验与囊床特征和实验进化相结合，将水华内部和水华之间的动力学联系起来。我们假设，对化感物质产生的波动选择以及生产者和非生产者菌株之间的互利相互作用决定了种群动态，并在开花期间保持多样性。在开花之间，大量相容和不相容的交配类型将是维持互惠关系多样性和稳定性的有效机制。因此，在生命周期的决定性阶段，特征多样性和种群动态之间的联系将加深我们对生物多样性和生态系统稳定性之间关系的理解。

Traits that influence the interaction between species are of prime importance for population stability and species coexistence, because variation within these traits will directly determine species fitness and indirectly influence fitness of the interacting partner. In cases of antagonistic interactions including predation and competition variation of these traits will be selectively maintained. Therefore, any attempt in trying to understand diversity-resilience relationships should incorporate the functional variation of species interaction traits of ecosystem keystone species as a mechanistic basis. Here, we propose to investigate the selective maintenance of diversity in allelochemical production, a widespread trait to reduce competition and grazing during blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii, in relation to abiotic (nutrient limitation and temperature) and biotic (competition and predation) stressors. We will combine field observations, microcosm and chemostat experiments with cyst bed characterization and experimental evolution to link within bloom to between bloom dynamics. We hypothesize that fluctuating selection on allelochemical production and mutualistic interactions between producer and non-producer strains determines population dynamics and maintains diversity during the bloom. Between blooms the large number of compatible and incompatible mating types will be an efficient mechanism to maintain diversity as well as stability of mutualistic interactions. The link between trait diversity and population dynamics during decisive stages of the life cycle will therefore deepen our understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability.