Investigation of Past Atmospheric Methane Variability with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores
用南极冰芯稳定同位素研究过去大气甲烷变化
基本信息
- 批准号:2324307
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 53.24万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Atmospheric methane contributes to the greenhouse effect and therefore Earth’s temperature. Humans have caused an almost three-fold increase in methane since the industrial revolution. As the planet warms, changes on the Earth surface and in the atmosphere will further change methane levels. How these feedbacks will change over time is not well known. Studies of past variations in methane, by measuring ancient air trapped in ice, provide examples of these changes and help build better predictions of future change. In this project researchers will use measurements of different chemical forms of the carbon and hydrogen in methane to better understand reasons for past changes. The proposed research will develop laboratory measurement methods for hydrogen isotopes, use the different chemical forms of methane to understand the changes in atmospheric methane that happened when past ice ages ended and the Earth warmed, and use unique, very old ice samples ( 1 million years) from Antarctica to understand what controls methane levels in the atmosphere when climate was as warm or warmer than today. Developing new methods involves testing an existing system for purifying methane for measurements of hydrogen isotopes by mass spectrometry. The system is already operational and calibrated for carbon isotopes in methane. Next, the researchers will measure hydrogen isotopes in methane from samples from Taylor Glacier and Allan Hills, Antarctica, that cover two transitions from ice ages to interglacial warm periods. These data will be used to constrain where the methane increase that happened at these times originated, because hydrogen isotope ratios are sensitive to the latitude of the methane source. Finally, the researchers will measure both carbon and hydrogen isotopes in samples from 1 to 3 million years in age from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area in Antarctica. Comparisons between these measurements and existing data for younger samples may reveal important differences between the mixture of source types that make up the methane budget in these different time periods. For example, prior to 1 million years ago, the apparent lack of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during glacial periods, and resulting higher glacial sea levels, would have had impacts on the global wetland methane source. Additionally, warmer temperatures might have increased CH4 emissions from wetlands but also increased production of the hydroxyl radical and methane destruction in the stratosphere. The project will support a post-doctoral researcher who will collaborate with the Ice Drilling Program at Dartmouth College to create virtual field labs used in high school and college classes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
大气中的甲烷导致了温室效应,从而导致了地球温度。自工业革命以来,人类导致甲烷的排放量几乎增加了三倍。随着地球变暖,地球表面和大气中的变化将进一步改变甲烷水平。这些反馈将如何随着时间的推移而变化并不为人所知。通过测量被困在冰中的古代空气,对甲烷过去变化的研究提供了这些变化的例子,并有助于建立对未来变化的更好预测。在这个项目中,研究人员将使用对甲烷中不同化学形式的碳和氢的测量,以更好地了解过去变化的原因。这项拟议的研究将开发氢同位素的实验室测量方法,使用甲烷的不同化学形式来了解过去冰河时代结束和地球变暖时大气甲烷的变化,并使用来自南极洲的独特的、非常古老的冰样(100万年)来了解当气候像今天一样温暖或更温暖时,是什么控制了大气中的甲烷水平。开发新的方法包括测试现有的甲烷净化系统,用于通过质谱学测量氢同位素。该系统已经投入使用,并对甲烷中的碳同位素进行了校准。接下来,研究人员将测量来自南极洲泰勒冰川和艾伦山的甲烷样品中的氢同位素,这些样品涵盖了从冰期到间冰期暖期的两次转变。这些数据将被用来限制在这些时间发生的甲烷增加的来源,因为氢同位素比率对甲烷来源的纬度很敏感。最后,研究人员将测量南极洲Allan Hills蓝色冰区100万到300万年前的样品中的碳和氢同位素。将这些测量结果与更年轻样本的现有数据进行比较,可能会发现构成这些不同时间段甲烷收支的来源类型混合之间的重要差异。例如,在100万年前,冰川时期北半球明显缺乏大冰盖,导致冰川海平面上升,这将对全球湿地甲烷来源产生影响。此外,较暖的温度可能增加了湿地的甲烷排放量,但也增加了羟基自由基的产生和平流层中甲烷的破坏。该项目将支持一名博士后研究人员,他将与达特茅斯学院的冰钻计划合作,创建用于高中和大学课堂的虚拟野外实验室。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Edward Brook其他文献
Past abrupt changes, tipping points and cascading impacts in the Earth system
过去地球系统中的突然变化、临界点和连锁影响
- DOI:
10.1038/s41561-021-00790-5 - 发表时间:
2021-07-29 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:16.100
- 作者:
Victor Brovkin;Edward Brook;John W. Williams;Sebastian Bathiany;Timothy M. Lenton;Michael Barton;Robert M. DeConto;Jonathan F. Donges;Andrey Ganopolski;Jerry McManus;Summer Praetorius;Anne de Vernal;Ayako Abe-Ouchi;Hai Cheng;Martin Claussen;Michel Crucifix;Gilberto Gallopín;Virginia Iglesias;Darrell S. Kaufman;Thomas Kleinen;Fabrice Lambert;Sander van der Leeuw;Hannah Liddy;Marie-France Loutre;David McGee;Kira Rehfeld;Rachael Rhodes;Alistair W. R. Seddon;Martin H. Trauth;Lilian Vanderveken;Zicheng Yu - 通讯作者:
Zicheng Yu
Edward Brook的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Edward Brook', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Investigating the Rate of Potential Biological in Situ Gas Production of CO and CH4 in Arctic Ice
合作研究:研究北极冰中 CO 和 CH4 的潜在生物原位产气率
- 批准号:
2139295 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
STC: Center for OLDest Ice EXploration
STC:最古老的冰探索中心
- 批准号:
2019719 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Cooperative Agreement
Deciphering Changes in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Concentration During the Last Ice Age Using the Intramolecular Site-Preference of Nitrogen Isotopes
利用氮同位素的分子内位点偏好破译最后一个冰河时期大气一氧化二氮浓度的变化
- 批准号:
1903681 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores
用南极冰芯中的稳定同位素追踪过去的甲烷变化
- 批准号:
1745078 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area
合作研究:艾伦山蓝冰区早更新世和中更新世气候和大气成分的快照
- 批准号:
1745006 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
A High Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record from the South Pole Ice Core
南极冰芯的高分辨率大气甲烷记录
- 批准号:
1643722 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Kr-86 as a Proxy for Barometric Pressure Variability and Movement of the SH Westerlies during the last Deglaciation
合作研究:Kr-86 作为上次冰消期期间南半球西风带气压变化和运动的代理
- 批准号:
1543267 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Controls on Variations in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide During the Last 10,000 years
近万年来大气二氧化碳和一氧化二氮变化的控制
- 批准号:
1443550 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area
合作研究:通过艾伦山蓝冰区百万年冰层的气候记录了解 40,000 年冰川循环的世界之窗
- 批准号:
1443276 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core
合作研究:整个南极深冰芯基于惰性气体和甲烷的气候记录
- 批准号:
1443472 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 53.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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