SAI: Integration of Electric Vehicles and the Electric Grid

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是美国国家科学基金会的一个项目，旨在促进以人为本的基础研究和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门的创新，发展经济，创造就业机会，使公共部门提供的服务更有效率，加强社区，促进机会平等，保护自然环境，加强国家安全，并推动美国的领导地位。为了实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI侧重于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何使有效的基础设施的建设和维护能够改善生活和社会，并以技术和工程的进步为基础。该项目探索人们如何从改善电动汽车（ev）和电网之间的能源和信息流动中受益。许多美国人正在经历频繁的停电和不断上涨的能源成本。电动汽车提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，因为它们可以在停电时作为备用电源，在更便宜的时间充电，支持电网，并促进可再生能源的整合。然而，为了充分利用电动汽车的优势，鼓励优先考虑电网稳定性和经济激励的电动汽车充电实践至关重要。SAI的这个研究项目结合了经济、行为和技术概念，开发了一个车辆-电网集成（VGI）系统，最大限度地发挥电动汽车在解决停电、降低能源成本和创建强大和可持续能源系统方面的优势。本项目探讨了VGI的潜在效益、实施的成本和挑战，以及如何最好地在人们之间分享效益。此外，该项目还研究了人们最喜欢如何参与并获得补偿，以利用他们的建筑和电动汽车作为资源，使电网更具弹性。在与决策者、行业和非营利组织现有合作的基础上，SAI项目分为四个研究重点。重点一是寻找价格机制和体制安排，促进方便用户的志愿服务。Thrust 2进行了功率流研究，以确保电网能够处理VGI，并设计了一个优化电动汽车充放电时间表的系统。第三部分考察了从电动汽车双向充电中受益的社会经济差异，并探讨了消费者参与电动汽车双向充电的意愿。Thrust 4开发了一个机器学习模型和一个综合数据集，其中包括消费者如何采用和使用VGI服务的数据，以及这些采用和使用模式的影响。通过结合来自实验室实验、调查、访谈和VGI基础设施的实际实现的数据，该项目提供了一个模型，用于预测在全国范围内广泛采用VGI系统的效果和模式。该奖项由社会、行为和经济科学理事会（SBE）支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.This project explores how people can benefit from improving the flow of energy and information between electric vehicles (EVs) and the electric grid. Many Americans are experiencing frequent power outages and rising energy costs. EVs offer a promising solution as they can serve as backup power sources during outages, charge at cheaper times, support the grid, and promote the integration of renewable energy. However, to fully harness the advantages of EVs, encouraging EV charging practices that prioritize grid stability and economic incentives is vital. This SAI research project combines economic, behavioral, and technical concepts to develop a Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI) system that maximizes the advantages of EVs in addressing power outages, reducing energy costs, and creating a strong and sustainable energy system. This project explores the potential benefits of VGI, the costs and challenges associated with its implementation, and how best to share the benefits among people. Additionally, this project examines how people most prefer to participate and be compensated for using their buildings and EVs as resources to make the electric grid more resilient.Building on existing collaborations with policymakers, industry, and nonprofits, this SAI project is organized into four research thrusts. Thrust 1 focuses on finding pricing mechanisms and institutional arrangements that promote user-friendly VGI services. Thrust 2 performs power flow studies to ensure the power grid can handle VGI and designs a system for optimizing EV charging and discharging schedules. Thrust 3 examines socio-economic disparities in benefiting from VGI and explores consumer willingness to participate in bidirectional EV charging. Thrust 4 develops a machine learning model and a synthetic dataset that includes data on how consumers adopt and use VGI services, as well as the impact of these adoption and usage patterns. By combining data from laboratory experiments, surveys, interviews, and real-world implementations of VGI infrastructure, this project offers a model for predicting the effects and patterns of widespread adoption of VGI systems across the country.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.