SAI: Healthy and Equitable Public Spaces

加强美国基础设施（SAI）是美国国家科学基金会的一个项目，旨在促进以人为本的基础研究和潜在的变革性研究，以加强美国的基础设施。有效的基础设施为社会经济活力和广泛的生活质量改善提供了坚实的基础。强大、可靠和有效的基础设施刺激私营部门的创新，发展经济，创造就业机会，使公共部门提供的服务更有效率，加强社区，促进机会平等，保护自然环境，加强国家安全，并推动美国的领导地位。为了实现这些目标，需要来自科学和工程学科的专业知识。SAI侧重于人类推理和决策、治理以及社会和文化过程的知识如何使有效的基础设施的建设和维护能够改善生活和社会，并以技术和工程的进步为基础。一半以上的人口集中在城市地区。这种从农村向城市生活的全球性转变很可能会持续下去。虽然城市化创造了支持人类健康和福祉的机会，但它也带来了严重的威胁。与郊区和农村环境相比，城市生活提供了更方便的社会基础设施——人们与社区互动的公共空间。然而，与自然环境相比，暴露于城市环境与较差的身心健康有关。理解这些差异的一个关键是要认识到并非所有的城市公共空间都是相同的。城市和自然公共空间的质量存在着明显的差异，这些公共空间提供了不同的机会。在社区合作伙伴的参与下，这个多学科项目通过在线、实验室和社区数据收集来了解公共空间对认知、情感和幸福感的影响，并记录边缘化和非边缘化社区成员的生活经历。这个SAI研究项目通过确定公共空间促进恢复和福祉的特征，并通过为健康和公平的公共空间提供基于证据的设计标准，加强了美国的社会基础设施。该项目探讨了美国三个城市中不同居民对公共空间的反应。该项目采用混合方法，使用调查和实验的定性指标和定量数据。定量评估包括生理反应性数据、行为眼动追踪和运动追踪数据、自我报告数据和档案邻里数据。这些方法被用来识别与心理恢复和幸福感相关的公共空间特征，并记录边缘化和非边缘化个体经历的异同。研究结果定期与咨询委员会分享，该委员会由各种促进公共空间的组织代表组成，包括文化机构、政策团体、教育倡议和社区团体。顾问的数据和专门知识被纳入社会影响议定书的制定，以评估和设计更健康和更公平的公共空间。该奖项由社会、行为和经济科学理事会（SBE）和工程理事会支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Strengthening American Infrastructure (SAI) is an NSF Program seeking to stimulate human-centered fundamental and potentially transformative research that strengthens America’s infrastructure. Effective infrastructure provides a strong foundation for socioeconomic vitality and broad quality of life improvement. Strong, reliable, and effective infrastructure spurs private-sector innovation, grows the economy, creates jobs, makes public-sector service provision more efficient, strengthens communities, promotes equal opportunity, protects the natural environment, enhances national security, and fuels American leadership. To achieve these goals requires expertise from across the science and engineering disciplines. SAI focuses on how knowledge of human reasoning and decision-making, governance, and social and cultural processes enables the building and maintenance of effective infrastructure that improves lives and society and builds on advances in technology and engineering.More than half of the human population is concentrated in urban areas. This worldwide shift from rural to urban living is likely to continue. Although urbanization creates opportunities to support human health and well-being, it also introduces serious threats. Compared to suburban and rural environments, urban living provides easier access to social infrastructure – the public spaces where people interact socially and engage with the community. Yet, exposure to urban versus natural environments is associated with poorer physical and psychological well-being. One key to understanding these differences is to recognize that not all urban public spaces are created the same. Stark differences exist within cities in the qualities of urban and natural public spaces, and the different opportunities that these public spaces provide. With the input of community partners, this multidisciplinary project uses online, laboratory, and community-based data collection to understand the impact of public spaces on cognition, emotion, and well-being, and to document the lived experiences of marginalized and non-marginalized community members. This SAI research project strengthens America’s social infrastructure by identifying features of public spaces that promote restoration and well-being, and by providing evidence-based design standards for healthy and equitable public spaces.This project explores responses to public spaces among diverse residents in three U.S. cities. The project leverages a mixed-methods approach, using qualitative indicators and quantitative data from surveys and experiments. The quantitative assessments include physiological reactivity data, behavioral eye tracking and motion tracking data, self-report data, and archival neighborhood-level data. These methods are used to identify features of public spaces that are associated with psychological restoration and well-being, and to document similarities and differences in the experiences of marginalized and non-marginalized individuals. Findings are regularly shared with an advisory board with representation from a variety of organizations that promote public spaces, including cultural institutions, policy groups, educational initiatives and community groups. The data and the expertise of advisors are incorporated into the development of a social impact protocol for assessing and designing healthier and more equitable public spaces.This award is supported by the Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic (SBE) Sciences and the Directorate for Engineering.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.