BoCP-Implementation:US-Sao Paulo: Living on the edge: plant-animal interactions and the cascading impacts of Amazon forest fragmentation

BoCP-实施:美国-圣保罗:生活在边缘:植物与动物的相互作用以及亚马逊森林破碎化的连锁影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2325993
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 245.34万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2024-01-01 至 2027-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

The fate of the world's most extensive tropical forest located the Amazon basin, is fundamentally linked to the complex relationships between tree species diversity, natural disturbances, human modifications of the landscape. Depending on how these processes interact with unprecedented heat, drought, and forest clearing, some Amazonian forest regions could lose their resilience and experience a large-scale collapse by mid-century. Because of the importance of tropical forests in regulating climate and acting as a massive carbon sink, such a collapse would have negative consequences at local, regional, and global scales. This project addresses how fragmentation at forest-agricultural boundaries fundamentally alters not only the local climate, thereby driving the morality of key tree species, but also disrupts and displaces the animals that play a crucial role in seed dispersal, nutrient distribution, and maintaining complex food webs. The breakdown of these ecosystems through direct and indirect human influence may permanently alter the Amazonian landscape, but our understanding of how these complex systems respond to disturbance at the present scale is limited. This research project aims to quantify how the changes in the relationships between tree traits and ecological processes controlled in part by animals may determine the forest's ability to withstand and recover from the increasing diversity of disturbances. The study focuses on Amazonian forests growing near hot and dry agricultural fields across the southeast portion of the basin. The project is a collaborative effort, uniting a diverse and interdisciplinary team of U.S. and Brazilian scientists and mentoring graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from both nations. The research will provide valuable information for understanding how, when, and why forest fragmentation leads to large-scale forest dieback.This project integrates field-based measurements of forest dynamics and animal exclusion experiments, remote sensing mapping of forest fragmentation, and statistical modeling of species distribution to examine how alterations in functional diversity due to mortality events and animal activities shape the resilience of Amazon forest edges. These alterations manifest as dry-warm forest edges, habitat loss, and shifts in the dietary habits of large mammals, driven by cultivated crops. At the local scale, the project will quantify how forest edge effects influence tree mortality and regeneration patterns following droughts and wildfires based on forest inventories. Expanding the scope to a regional scale, the project will gather ecophysiological traits of trees, forest dynamics from repeated inventories, and data on animal activity in three regions of the Amazon. These complementary datasets serve to broaden our understanding of the interconnectedness of global changes, tree traits, and vulnerability within the broader ecological context across a gradient in climate. Zooming out to the Amazon Basin scale, the project leverages advanced remote sensing techniques and species distribution modeling to quantify forest vulnerability to climate change and fragmentation. Examining how these ecosystems respond to disturbances across multiple spatial scales, from the local to the basin-wide, the project aspires to provide insights that are not only scientifically illuminating but also fundamentally essential for the preservation and restoration of one of the world's most remarkable and vital ecosystems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
位于亚马逊盆地的世界上最广泛的热带森林的命运,从根本上与树种多样性、自然干扰、人类对景观的修改之间的复杂关系有关。根据这些过程如何与前所未有的高温,干旱和森林砍伐相互作用,一些亚马逊森林地区可能会失去弹性,并在本世纪中叶经历大规模崩溃。由于热带森林在调节气候和充当巨大碳汇方面的重要性,这种崩溃将在地方、区域和全球范围内产生负面影响。该项目探讨了森林-农业边界的破碎化如何从根本上改变当地气候,从而推动关键树种的道德,同时也扰乱和取代了在种子传播,营养分配和维持复杂食物网中发挥关键作用的动物。通过直接和间接的人类影响,这些生态系统的崩溃可能会永久地改变亚马逊的景观,但我们对这些复杂系统如何应对目前规模的干扰的理解是有限的。该研究项目旨在量化树木性状与部分由动物控制的生态过程之间关系的变化如何决定森林承受和从日益增加的干扰多样性中恢复的能力。这项研究的重点是亚马逊河流域东南部干热农田附近的森林。该项目是一项合作努力,团结了美国和巴西科学家的多元化和跨学科团队,并指导来自两国的研究生和博士后研究人员。 该研究将为了解森林破碎化如何、何时以及为什么导致大规模森林枯死提供有价值的信息。该项目整合了森林动态和动物排除实验的实地测量,森林破碎化的遥感制图,和物种分布的统计建模,以研究由于死亡事件和动物活动而导致的功能多样性变化如何塑造亚马逊森林的恢复力边缘.这些变化表现为干暖森林边缘,栖息地丧失,以及大型哺乳动物饮食习惯的变化,由种植作物驱动。在地方一级,该项目将根据森林调查,量化森林边缘效应如何影响干旱和野火后的树木死亡率和再生模式。该项目将范围扩大到区域范围,将收集树木的生态生理特征、重复清查的森林动态以及亚马逊三个地区的动物活动数据。这些互补的数据集有助于扩大我们对全球变化,树木特征和脆弱性在更广泛的生态背景下跨气候梯度的相互联系的理解。该项目缩小到亚马逊流域的规模,利用先进的遥感技术和物种分布建模来量化森林对气候变化和破碎化的脆弱性。研究这些生态系统如何应对从地方到流域范围的多个空间尺度的干扰,该项目旨在提供不仅具有科学启发性,而且对保护和恢复世界上最显着和最重要的生态系统之一至关重要的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

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Paulo Brando其他文献

Tree height matters
树的高度很重要
  • DOI:
    10.1038/s41561-018-0147-z
  • 发表时间:
    2018-05-28
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    16.100
  • 作者:
    Paulo Brando
  • 通讯作者:
    Paulo Brando

Paulo Brando的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Paulo Brando', 18)}}的其他基金

LTREB: Legacy effects of compounding disturbances in the Amazon: implications for ecosystem carbon and water cycling
LTREB:亚马逊复合干扰的遗留影响:对生态系统碳和水循环的影响
  • 批准号:
    2348580
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 245.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
LTREB: Legacy effects of compounding disturbances in the Amazon: implications for ecosystem carbon and water cycling
LTREB:亚马逊复合干扰的遗留影响:对生态系统碳和水循环的影响
  • 批准号:
    2027827
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 245.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
MSB-ECA: Tropical biomes: how agriculture intensification and climate may alter fire regimes
MSB-ECA:热带生物群落:农业集约化和气候如何改变火灾状况
  • 批准号:
    2001184
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 245.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
MSB-ECA: Tropical biomes: how agriculture intensification and climate may alter fire regimes
MSB-ECA:热带生物群落:农业集约化和气候如何改变火灾状况
  • 批准号:
    1802754
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 245.34万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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