CAREER:Sound Production by Flow Induced Elastic Wave with Application to Human Phonation

这项研究旨在了解在发声(声音的形成)过程中，波通过喉粘膜(喉部)的运动所起的作用。粘膜波是在声带浅层传播的流动诱导的弹性波。通过波动，它控制声门空气脉冲，这构成了声音的主要声源。然而，声带生物力学和血流负荷如何决定粘膜波特性，粘膜波特性如何影响声门血流动力学，以及血流动力学如何决定嗓音结果等基本问题仍然悬而未决。本研究旨在通过综合计算研究来回答这些问题。将开发一个高保真计算模型，描述声音产生的所有复杂性，包括神经肌肉刺激、声门空气动力学、流动诱导的声带振动、声学及其高度复杂的非线性相互作用。该计算机模型将与先前从活体犬类标本中收集的实验数据进行验证。将通过参数研究系统地、定量地研究粘膜波特性、声门血流动力学和嗓音输出之间的因果关系。这项研究将极大地促进有关语音产生的知识现状，包括语音是如何控制的。这些知识将让我们更好地理解我们是如何使用和控制我们的声音的。它还将有助于开发与粘膜波相关的嗓音疾病的诊断指标，确定声带的调整以恢复或改善受损的声音，并预测调整的结果。它还可以帮助过度使用自己的声音的人(例如教师、电话推销员)，为他们提供如何有效地使用和控制自己的声音的知识，以避免损害。与缅因州大学通信与语言障碍学系的密切合作将包括开发专注于言语的多学科课程，将开发的语音模拟器引入未来语音病理学从业者的教育和培训计划，以及对言语障碍患者的教育。粘膜波通过声带的浅层传播。它是由气流诱导的，控制空气通过声门的运动，然后在说话和其他形式的发音过程中产生声音。更重要的是，这种弹性波与声门流动的强烈相互作用产生了复杂的流动模式和形态，如动态流动分离、声门内旋涡、旋涡脱落、剪切层不稳定性和向湍流的转变。所有这些因素都显著增加了声音固有的复杂性。将解决的基本问题集中在声带生物力学，声门流动动力学，以及波的动力学如何影响声音的产生。这将通过一个综合的多物理计算研究来解决。综合教育部分涉及与通信和言语障碍部的密切合作。将开发一门多学科课程，以教育言语病理学家和工程师有关言语的潜在生物力学。此外，开发的模拟系统将直接用于言语病理学家的培训和对言语障碍患者的教育。

This research aims to understand the role of the movement of waves through the mucosa of the larynx (voice box) during phonation (the formation of sounds). The mucosal wave is the flow-induced elastic wave that propagates in the superficial layer of the vocal fold. Through the wave motion, it controls the glottal air pulses, which form the primary sound source of the voice. Yet, the fundamental questions of how vocal fold biomechanics and flow loading determine the mucosal wave properties, how the mucosal wave properties affect the glottal flow dynamics, and how the flow dynamics determine the voice outcome, remain elusive. This research aims to answer these questions through an integrated computational study. A high fidelity computational model will be developed that describes voice production in all its complexity, including neuro-muscular stimulation, glottal aerodynamics, flow induced vocal fold vibrations, acoustics and their highly complex nonlinear interactions. The computer model will be validated against experimental data that has previously been collected from in vivo canine specimens. The cause-effect relationship between the mucosal wave properties, glottal flow dynamics and voice outcome will be systematically and quantitatively studied through parametric studies. This research will greatly advance the current state of knowledge regarding voice production, including how voice is controlled. This knowledge will allow better understand how we use and control our voice. It will also enable development of diagnosis metrics for mucosal wave related voice diseases, determine the adjustments to the vocal folds to restore or improve a damaged voice, and predict the outcome of the adjustment. It can also help people who use their voices excessively (e.g. teachers, telemarketers) by providing them with the knowledge for how to efficiently use and control their voices, with the goal of avoiding damage. Strong collaborations with the University of Maine Communications & Speech Disorders Department will include the development of multidisciplinary courses focusing on speech and the introduction of the developed voice simulator into the educational and training program for future practitioners in speech pathology as well as education for speech disorder patients.The mucosal wave propagates through the superficial layers of the vocal fold. It is induced by flow and controls the movement of air through the glottis, which then produces the sound during speech and other forms of phonation. More importantly, its strong interaction of this elastic wave with the glottal flow generates complex flow patterns and morphologies, such as dynamic flow separation, intraglottal vortices, vortex shedding, shear layer instabilities and transitions to turbulence. All of these factors significantly enhance the complexity inherent to the voice. The foundational questions that will be addressed focus on vocal fold biomechanics, glottal flow dynamics, and how the dynamics of the wave affect the production of the voice. This will be addressed through an integrated multiphysics computational study. The integrated educational component involves strong collaboration with the Department of Communication and Speech Disorders. A multidisciplinary course will be developed to educate both speech pathologists and engineers on the underlying biomechanics of speech. In addition, the simulation system developed will be directly employed in the training of speech pathologists and in the education of individuals suffering from speech disorders.