NeTS: Small: Continuous Monitoring and Localization of Network Neutrality Violations

承载应用程序数据的网络可以采用不同的处理方式，例如，通过给不同的应用程序和提供商提供不同的性能。这种行为通常被称为违反网络中立性，正式称为流量分化。例如，在美国，视频流通常被人为地限制在低数据传输速度，这意味着只能支持低质量的视频。此外，这有时只针对某些视频流媒体提供商，造成了不公平的竞争环境。该项目支持微和软件生态系统，提供移动应用程序和其他软件，显示网络提供商何时区分服务并向利益相关者发布结果。Wehe需要持续维护，以便Wehe测试在遇到分化时继续正确识别。为了解决这个问题，该项目将使微和软件符合当前的操作系统和应用程序，这些操作系统和应用程序经历差异化，并制定策略，使微和更能适应未来的变化。其次，我们没有孤立哪个网络负责分化。为了提高微和识别违反网络中立性的网络的能力，该项目将开发基于网络性能断层扫描的新统计方法，并在微和实施新的测试，利用这些方法可靠地识别造成差异的网络。该项目的工作将通过揭露违反网络中立性的行为，并确保政策决定以经验证据为依据，使互联网用户、政策制定者和服务提供商受益。互联网用户可以通过微和移动应用程序了解他们的提供商是否违反了网络中立性，公众可以通过一个公共网站看到关于网络中立性的总体调查结果，并通过报告微和结果，项目的调查结果将与政策制定者等利益相关者共享。订阅者将受益于透明度和对替代选项的理解，内容提供商可以调整他们的应用程序以提高效率。该项目还将确定中间盒的意外负面影响，并提出提高网络效率的建议。关于这个项目的详细信息、它的发现和其他工件位于：https://wehe.meddle.mobi。六年来，该项目已经产生了公共数据集、软件、结果、可视化和其他见解。目标是持续地发布和更新这些工件，或者只要项目是相关的。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Networks that carry application data can apply differential treatment, e.g., by giving different performance to different applications and providers. Such behavior is colloquially referred to as net neutrality violations, and formally as traffic differentiation. For example, in U.S., video streaming is often artificially limited to low data-transfer speeds, meaning that only low-quality video can be supported. Further, this is sometimes done only to certain video-streaming providers, creating an unlevel playing field. This project supports the Wehe software ecosystem, which provides mobile apps and other software that reveals when network providers differentiate service and publishes results for stakeholders. Wehe requires continual maintenance so that Wehe tests continue to correctly identify when they experience differentiation. To address this, this project will bring Wehe software into compliance with current operating systems and apps that experience differentiation and produce strategies to make Wehe more resilient to future changes. Second, Wehe does not isolate which network is responsible for differentiation. To improve Wehe’s ability to identify the correct network responsible for net neutrality violations, this project will develop new statistical methods based on network performance tomography and implement new tests in Wehe that leverage these methods to reliably identify the network responsible for differentiation.The project work will benefit Internet subscribers, policy makers, and service providers by revealing violations of net neutrality, and ensuring that policy decisions are informed by empirical evidence. Internet subscribers can learn whether their providers violate net neutrality via the Wehe mobile app, the general public can see aggregate findings on net neutrality via a public Web site for reporting Wehe results, and findings from the project will be shared with stakeholders such as policy makers. Subscribers will benefit from transparency and understanding alternative options, and content providers can adjust their applications to improve efficiency. The project will also identify unintended negative side-effects of middleboxes, and produce recommendations to improve network efficiency.Details about the project, its findings, and other artifacts are located at: https://wehe.meddle.mobi. The project has produced public datasets, software, results, visualizations, and other insights for six years. The goal is to continue publishing and updating such artifacts in perpetuity, or for as long as the project is relevant.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.