Collaborative Research: EAGER: CET: The Dissolution of Li-ion Batteries and Recycling of their Precious Components.

合作研究：EAGER：CET：锂离子电池的溶解及其贵重组件的回收。

• 批准号: 2337184
• 负责人: Douglas Genna
• 金额: $ 14.97万
• 依托单位: Youngstown State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2337184&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; EAGER; CET; Dissolution

NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:Battery technology is essential to our modern way of life: it powers everything from cellphones to pacemakers to, more recently, vehicles. The rapidly growing demand for batteries has led to a dramatic increase in battery waste. Furthermore, increasing demand has necessitated an increase in mining minerals important for batteries, often from politically unstable locations. Battery recycling holds promise to address both problems: recycled battery waste reduces the extent of battery waste and recovers the raw materials needed to make new batteries. However, current battery recycling methods use harsh chemicals and designer processes to recover the most valuable components of battery waste, limiting both scalability and environmental sustainability. With this Clean Energy Technology (CET) EAGER award, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in NSF’s Division of Materials Research, investigators at SUNY at Albany and Youngstown State University study a new method for battery recycling that is more sustainable and more efficient. The method takes advantage of liquids that interact strongly with the materials to pull them out of battery waste, regardless of the original battery design. Those materials can then be purified using a combination of adsorption – a process by which the targeted elements selectively stick to a high-surface area powder – and electrodeposition, a process by which the remaining elements are individually removed from the initial liquid using an electric current. One challenge of the project is that the liquids need to strongly interact with the battery waste materials, but not break down the material that purifies the waste stream. The outcome of this project will significantly impact the battery industry, the environment, and the national security of the United States. It offers a way to reduce our dependence on unreliable sources for battery materials, protect the environment from excessive battery waste, and help to ensure the continued growth of the domestic battery industry and, additionally, provides state-of-the-art research experiences for undergraduate and graduate students.TECHNICAL SUMMARY:The rapid rise of battery technology has led to a critical need for new approaches to battery recycling in order to both recover precious battery metals and reduce battery waste. The long-term goal of this Clean Energy Technology (CET) EAGER award, supported by the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program in NSF’s Division of Materials Research, is to develop a system capable of isolating all individual metallic components of spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) from a common waste stream. Researchers at SUNY at Albany and Youngstown State University take advantage of solvents capable of oxidizing and coordinating to these metal components to remove them from mechanically processed battery waste (black mass). After dissolution, the metal components are separated by a combination of adsorption and electrodeposition. For adsorption, new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are design specifically to isolate alkali metals (e.g., Li) through reversible and selective interactions. Individual transition metals are collected by electrodeposition, which allows isolation of each transition metal based on the redox characteristics of the parent transition metal complex in solution. This investigation is expected to lead to significant scientific insights and advances: first, mechanisms for metal dissolution in coordinating solvents are elucidated, enabling the discovery of solvents more environmentally benign than those currently used for this purpose. Second, knowledge about reversible adsorption processes for cation adsorption in MOFs is advanced. Third, selective transition metal electrodeposition, in combination with the other results from this work, enable the collection of the most valuable components of batteries of any composition. The study is expected to have broader impacts in the areas of mineral mining and extraction, recycling of rare-earth-containing materials, and energy efficient metal ion separation and purification.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

非技术性总结：电池技术对我们的现代生活方式至关重要：它为从手机到心脏起搏器再到最近的汽车的所有东西提供动力。对电池的需求迅速增长，导致电池废弃物急剧增加。此外，日益增长的需求也迫使人们增加对电池重要的矿物的开采，而这些矿物往往来自政治不稳定的地区。电池回收有望解决这两个问题：回收的电池废料减少了电池浪费的程度，并回收了制造新电池所需的原材料。然而，目前的电池回收方法使用苛刻的化学品和设计工艺来回收电池废物中最有价值的成分，限制了可扩展性和环境可持续性。有了这个清洁能源技术（CET）EAGER奖，由NSF材料研究部门的固态和材料化学计划支持，纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼和扬斯敦州立大学的研究人员研究了一种更可持续和更有效的电池回收新方法。该方法利用与材料强烈相互作用的液体将它们从电池废料中提取出来，而不管最初的电池设计如何。然后，这些材料可以使用吸附-目标元素选择性地粘附到高表面积粉末的过程-和电沉积-使用电流从初始液体中单独去除剩余元素的过程的组合进行纯化。该项目的一个挑战是，液体需要与电池废料强烈相互作用，但不能分解净化废物流的材料。该项目的结果将对美国的电池行业、环境和国家安全产生重大影响。它提供了一种方法来减少我们对不可靠的电池材料来源的依赖，保护环境免受过度的电池浪费，并有助于确保国内电池行业的持续增长，此外，还为本科生和研究生提供了最先进的研究经验。技术总结：电池技术的快速崛起导致了对电池回收新方法的迫切需求，以回收贵重电池金属并减少电池浪费。该清洁能源技术（CET）EAGER奖的长期目标由NSF材料研究部门的固态和材料化学计划支持，旨在开发一种能够将废旧锂离子电池（LIB）的所有单个金属成分与常见废物流隔离的系统。纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校和扬斯敦州立大学的研究人员利用能够氧化和配位这些金属成分的溶剂，将它们从机械加工的电池废料（黑色物质）中去除。溶解后，通过吸附和电沉积的组合分离金属组分。对于吸附，新的金属有机框架（MOF）被专门设计为分离碱金属（例如，Li）通过可逆的和选择性的相互作用。通过电沉积收集单个过渡金属，这允许基于溶液中母体过渡金属络合物的氧化还原特性分离每种过渡金属。这项调查预计将导致重大的科学见解和进步：首先，金属溶解在配位溶剂的机制得到阐明，使溶剂比目前用于此目的的溶剂更环保的发现。其次，了解可逆吸附过程中的阳离子吸附在MOFs的进步。第三，选择性过渡金属电沉积，结合这项工作的其他结果，能够收集任何组成的电池中最有价值的成分。该研究预计将在矿产开采和提取、含稀土材料的回收利用以及节能金属离子分离和纯化领域产生更广泛的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。