CAREER: Human-induced Soil Change on the U.S. Great Plains

职业：美国大平原上人为引起的土壤变化

• 批准号: 2338373
• 负责人: Judith Turk
• 金额: $ 85.43万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-05-01 至 2029-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2338373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Human; induced; Soil; Change

Human-induced soil change is driven by agricultural land-use. Two important drivers of soil change in agricultural lands include irrigation and accelerated erosion and deposition. This project seeks to better understand human impact on Great Plains soils – a resource vital to U.S. economic competitiveness. This will enhance our understanding of natural resources within the largest physiographic province in North America and improve resilience of agricultural systems in the face of extreme weather. Special attention will be given to alterations in the soils’ capacity to store carbon, an important climate change mitigation strategy. The education and outreach program will engage graduate students and advanced undergraduates in a summer field course, apply innovated pedagogies within undergraduate soil judging, and use art and technology to encourage scientific exploration among middle school students.Much is unknown about the state of soils on the Great Plains. This region’s thick, dark topsoil often masks degradation until it reaches an advanced stage. The program will uncover how anthropedogenesis — human-driven soil formation — has led to measurable soil change by testing the following hypotheses: (1) long-term impacts of irrigation and the erosion-induced carbon sink have altered patterns of carbon storage in Great Plains soils, (2) the vector of soil development can be predicted based on land-use, and (3) humans have a measurable effect on soil structure that extends into the subsoil. Soil data collected in the mid to late 20th century will be used as a reference point for quantifying soil change, including soil organic carbon, bulk density, calcium carbonate equivalent, particle size distribution, soil color, clay films, and soil structure.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类活动引起的土壤变化是由农业土地利用驱动的。农田土壤变化的两个重要驱动因素是灌溉和加速侵蚀和沉积。该项目旨在更好地了解人类对大平原土壤的影响-这是对美国经济竞争力至关重要的资源。这将提高我们对北美最大自然地理省内自然资源的了解，并提高农业系统在极端天气下的复原力。将特别注意改变土壤的碳储存能力，这是一项重要的减缓气候变化战略。该教育和推广计划将让研究生和高年级本科生参加夏季实地课程，在本科土壤判断中应用创新的土壤学，并利用艺术和技术鼓励中学生进行科学探索。这一地区厚厚的深色表层土往往掩盖了退化，直到退化达到高级阶段。该计划将通过测试以下假设，揭示人类活动-人类驱动的土壤形成-如何导致可测量的土壤变化：（1）灌溉和侵蚀引起的碳汇的长期影响改变了大平原土壤中碳储存的模式，（2）土壤发展的矢量可以根据土地利用预测，以及（3）人类对延伸到底土的土壤结构具有可测量的影响。 在世纪中后期收集的土壤数据将被用作量化土壤变化的参考点，包括土壤有机碳、容重、碳酸钙当量、粒度分布、土壤颜色、粘土膜和土壤结构。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。