CAREER: Making Digital Imagery Accessible to Blind and Low-Vision Users via Audiohaptic Dioramas

盲人和低视力者在很大程度上被排除在电脑上的视觉体验之外，影响了日常生活的许多方面，如导航、购物、阅读新闻和与朋友保持联系。目前，计算机通过简单的文本描述向盲人用户传递图像，这不允许用户形成自己的解释。该项目旨在通过引入视听触觉立体概念来提高盲人的生活质量，该概念允许用户以一种类似于现实生活的方式了解事物的外观：通过触摸探索物体的三维结构，收集物理细节，如深度、形状和材料。有声触觉立体图将与日常触摸屏一起使用，允许盲人用户触摸或指向图像，并通过直观的音频和触觉提示感知其物理细节。这项技术将使盲人更容易接触到图像、电影、视频游戏、虚拟现实和网络。这位调查员将与领先的科技公司合作，在主流消费者应用程序上提供音频触觉立体图。该项目的教育部分将通过用听觉触觉立体图补充印刷图像，使盲人学生能够使用K-12教科书。它还将培训盲人学生成为技术设计师，这是一个在没有视力的情况下很难进入的领域，促进了未来让技术更具包容性的努力。这项研究项目提出了无障碍研究中长达数十年的问题：理解如何让盲人用户同等地访问图像。通过听觉触觉立体的概念，这项研究将贡献第一种技术，通过声音和触觉以与日常触摸屏设备兼容的方式传达三维场景的物理细节。该研究计划将遵循以用户为中心的设计和评估过程，以确保盲人用户的需求得到满足，包括整个盲人社区和实验室成员，并与盲人服务组织合作。这个项目将带来几个科学贡献：(1)当用户在触摸屏上探索静止图像时，通过声音和触觉以每像素为基础直观地传达静止图像的深度、形状、材料和颜色的框架；(2)使盲人能够独立执行日常视觉任务的技术，如导航、寻找建筑物入口或使用智能手机相机或智能眼镜找到特定颜色的衬衫；以及(3)使盲人能够从视频游戏和虚拟现实中可视化交互虚拟环境的技术。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Blind and low-vision people are largely left out of visual experiences on computers, affecting many aspects of daily life such as navigating, shopping, reading the news, and staying in touch with friends. Computers currently convey images to blind users via simple text descriptions, which does not allow users to form their own interpretations. This project seeks to enhance the quality of life for blind people by introducing the concept of audiohaptic dioramas, which allows users to learn what things look like in a way similar to real life: by exploring objects' three-dimensional structure via touch, gleaning physical details such as depth, shape, and material. Audiohaptic dioramas will work with everyday touchscreens, allowing blind users to touch or point at an image and sense its physical details via intuitive audio and haptic cues. This technology will give blind people greater access to images, films, video games, virtual reality, and the Web. The investigator will partner with leading technology companies to make audiohaptic dioramas available on mainstream consumer apps. The project's educational component will make K-12 textbooks accessible to blind students by supplementing printed images with audiohaptic dioramas. It will also train blind students to become technology designers, a field hard to enter without sight, catalyzing future efforts to make technology more inclusive.This research program advances a decades-long problem in accessibility research: understanding how to make images equivalently accessible to blind users. Through the concept of audiohaptic dioramas, this research will contribute the first techniques for conveying physical details of three-dimensional scenes via sound and haptics in a way that is compatible with everyday touchscreen devices. The research program will follow a user-centered design and evaluation process to ensure that blind users’ needs are met, involving blind community and lab members throughout and partnering with blind-serving organizations. This project will lead to several scientific contributions: (1) a framework for conveying still images’ depth, shape, material, and color intuitively via sound and haptics on a per-pixel basis as users explore them on a touchscreen; (2) techniques for enabling blind people to independently perform everyday visual tasks such as navigation, finding a building entrance, or finding a specific color shirt using their smartphone camera or smartglasses; and (3) techniques for enabling blind people to visualize interactive virtual environments from video games and virtual reality.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.