CAREER: Enhancing Hurricane Resistance of Building Exteriors (Envelopes) under Urban Development in a Changing Climate

飓风期间的风力破坏对建筑物的外部（例如，玻璃外墙和窗玻璃）可能是灾难性的。建筑物外部的故障会导致水的侵入，内部的大面积破坏，以及商业的中断。这种损坏造成的修理费用可能是相当大的。高层和中层建筑的设计寿命是几十年。在建筑物的使用寿命期间，城市化和气候变化对建筑物的外部构成了重大和不断发展的风险，但重大的技术障碍使这些风险在建筑设计和弹性分析中无法得到充分考虑。该学院早期职业发展（Career）奖将支持专注于开发新方法的研究，以评估这些不断变化的风险，以改善建筑物外观在飓风中的终身性能，并增强沿海城市社区的复原力。这些方法将被封装在一个用户友好的、基于云的在线应用程序UrbanWinds中，工程师可以在新建筑的初步设计或规划阶段快速评估风荷载和建筑风险变化，并评估城市规模建筑清单的变化风险。通过研究和教育的整合，将通过便携式STEM工具包为初中和高中、本科生和研究生的不同群体设计独特的动手和协作学习体验。这项活动预计将培养下一代工程和教育专业人员，他们将接受风力工程原理、最先进的实验和计算建模技术以及STEM教学技能的培训。该奖项将有助于美国国家科学基金会（NSF）在国家风暴影响减少计划（NWIRP）中的作用。该项目产生的数据将在nsf支持的自然灾害工程研究基础设施（NHERI）数据仓库（https:/www.DesignSafe-CI.org）中存档并公开提供。该项目的目标是评估气候变化下城市发展过程中城市建筑围护结构（“外部”）的非平稳（“演变”）飓风风险。将研究基于深度学习的数据驱动的城市建筑风压模型，该模型是城市发展中周围建筑群变化的函数。将进行风洞试验，为开发数据驱动模型提供风压数据。雷诺数对集群建筑复杂气动载荷的影响在文献中尚未得到研究，我们将利用美国国家科学基金会支持的佛罗里达国际大学NHERI风力设施的大型壁上进行研究。由于计算成本高，传统的全耦合概率方法在评估建筑群风向不确定性时可能不切实际。加上气候变化带来的非平稳风险带来了巨大的技术挑战。将开发一种新的基于可靠性和情景的方法来捕捉飓风的非平稳特征和特定地点的风向影响。综上所述，上述努力将通过捕捉城市发展和气候变化对建筑围护结构风险的基本非平稳特征，推动建筑设计和城市韧性规划领域的发展。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Wind damage during hurricanes can be catastrophic to a building’s exterior (e.g., glass facades and windowpanes). Failure of the building exterior can lead to cascading water intrusion, extensive interior damage, and disruption to businesses. The cost of repair resulting from such damage can be significant. High- and mid-rise buildings are designed to last for decades. During a building’s lifespan, urbanization and climate change pose major and evolving risks to the building exterior, yet significant technical barriers prevent these risks from being adequately considered in building design and resilience analysis. This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award will support research that focused on developing new methodologies to assess these evolving risks to improve the lifetime performance of a building exterior in hurricanes and enhance resilience of coastal urban communities. These methodologies will be encapsulated in a user-friendly, cloud-based online application, UrbanWinds, for engineers to quickly evaluate wind loads and building risk change in preliminary design or planning stages of new buildings, and to assess changing risk of an inventory of buildings at urban scales. Through the integration of research and education, unique hands-on and collaborative learning experiences for diverse groups of middle and high school, undergraduate, and graduate students will be designed through a portable STEM kit. This activity is expected to produce next-generation engineering and education professionals who are trained in principles of wind engineering, state-of-the-art experimental and computational modeling techniques, and STEM teaching skills. This award will contribute to the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) role in the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP). Data generated from this project will be archived and made publicly available in the NSF-supported Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Data Depot (https:/www.DesignSafe-CI.org).The goal of this project is to assess the nonstationary (“evolving”) hurricane risks to urban building envelopes (“exterior”) during urban development in a changing climate. A deep learning-based data-driven model of wind pressures on urban buildings as a function of changes in surrounding building clusters under urban development will be investigated. Wind tunnel tests will be conducted to provide wind pressure data for developing the data-driven model. Reynolds number effects on complex aerodynamic loading on clustered buildings, which have not been studied in the literature, will be investigated using the large-scale NSF-supported NHERI Wall of Wind Facility at Florida International University. Traditional fully coupled probabilistic methods may be impractical to assess uncertainties of wind direction for building clusters due to significant computational costs. Adding nonstationary risks due to climate change presents an enormous technical challenge. A new reliability- and scenario-based methodology will be developed to capture the nonstationary characteristics of hurricanes and site-specific wind direction effects. Combined, the above efforts will advance the field of building design and urban resilience planning by capturing essential nonstationary characteristics of risks to building envelopes due to urban development and climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.