Collaborative Research: Leader Behaviors and Experiences across Life Domains

担任领导角色的个人代表了国家劳动力的一大群体，他们的行为不仅影响组织的有效性，也影响其非工作领域内人们的繁荣和福利。尽管这些研究很重要，但以往的研究对非工作领域的关注有限，包括家庭、社区和个人生活、领导角色占有的前因和后果、领导发展和领导行为的日常变化。这个项目采用了一个生命周期和整体的方法来分析非工作领域的变量，比如社区参与和志愿活动，是如何导致领导角色占有，并被领导角色占有所塑造的。此外，该项目提供了非工作领域经验如何促进领导力发展以及领导力发展如何有助于领导者在其他非工作领域的成长和繁荣的关键见解。最后，该项目将有助于揭示领导者的日常行为和他们的非工作领域经历如何以及何时相互影响。这些发现将为寻求提升领导力以促进其经济竞争力的商业组织提供信息，也将为社会提供信息，说明在某种情况下领导力如何更普遍地促进组织的福利。我们对一个组织背景下的领导力如何更普遍地影响领导力和工作行为，或者多领域领导力之间的相互关系知之甚少。本项目将采用多方法方法进行三方面的实证研究。首先，该项目将使用由美国劳工统计局（nlsy79， nlsy79儿童和年轻人，nlsy97）收集的档案数据（国家青年纵向调查，NLSY）来检查个人的非工作经历和他们在工作中的领导角色是如何相互影响的。该项目将使用混合潜马尔可夫模型来捕获和预测领导角色转换模式。其次，本研究将采用纵向设计，收集多波、多源数据，使用潜在变化评分模型来检验领导者非工作经历与其领导力发展过程之间的相互作用。第三项研究采用了个人视角，分析了领导者的工作和非工作经历以及行为在日常生活中是如何相互关联的。项目将进行连续10天的经验抽样研究，捕捉领导者工作和非工作行为的波动，以及被间隔较长时间的调查遗漏的经验；它将在数据分析中使用动态结构方程模型（DSEM）。最后，通过使用不同的方法对三项研究的结果进行三角测量，该项目将促进更全面地了解领导者的工作和非工作经历如何在不同的时间框架和生命阶段相互影响。该项目的研究结果将为关于领导力的组织理论提供信息，以及关注工作和非工作领域之间相互作用的生命历程观点，特别是关于领导力的观点。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Individuals in leadership roles represent a large group of the nation’s workforce, and their behaviors not only affect organizational effectiveness but also influence the prosperity and welfare of people in their nonwork domains. Despite their importance, prior research has paid limited attention to the nonwork domain, including family, community, and personal life, contexts that are antecedents and consequences of leadership role occupancy, leadership development, and day-to-day variation of leadership behaviors. This project takes a life-span and holistic approach to analyze how nonwork domain variables, such as community involvement and volunteering activities, lead to and are shaped by leadership role occupancy. Further, the project provides critical insights on how nonwork domain experiences might promote leadership development and how leadership development might contribute to leaders’ growth and thriving in other nonwork domains. Lastly, the project will help to uncover how and when leaders’ day-to-day behaviors and their nonwork domain experiences mutually influence each other. These findings will inform business organizations seeking to promote leadership to facilitate their economic competitiveness, and will also inform society regarding how leadership in one context may contribute to the welfare of organizations more generally.We know very little regarding how leadership in one organizational context may influence leadership and work behavior more generally, or the reciprocal relationships between leadership in multiple domains. Adopting a multi-method approach, this project will conduct three empirical studies. First, the project will use archival data (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, NLSY) collected by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (NLSY 79, NLSY 79 Children and Young Adults, and NLSY 97) to examine how individuals’ nonwork experiences and their leadership role occupancy at work influence each other reciprocally. The project will use mixture latent Markov modeling to capture and predict the leadership role transition patterns. Second, the project will use a longitudinal design collecting multi-wave, multi-source data to examine the interplay between leaders’ nonwork experiences and their leadership development processes using latent change score models. The third study takes a within-person perspective and analyzes how leaders’ work and nonwork experiences and behaviors are interconnected on a daily basis. The project will conduct an experience sampling study over 10 consecutive days, capturing fluctuations of leaders’ work and nonwork behaviors and experiences that are otherwise missed by surveys separated by longer time intervals; it will use dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) in data analysis. Lastly, by triangulating findings of three studies using different methods, the project will promote a more comprehensive understanding of how leaders’ work and nonwork experience affect each other across different time frames and life stages. Findings from the project will inform organizational theories regarding leadership, as well as life course perspectives that focus on the interplay between work and non-work domains, especially regarding leadership.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.