EAGER: IMPRESS-U: Hardware-Efficient Realization of UA Cryptographic Standards

EAGER:IMPRESS-U:UA 加密标准的硬件高效实现

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2414083
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 30万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2024-07-01 至 2026-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

This project is jointly supported by NSF, Estonian Research Council (ETAG), and US National Academy of Sciences. The research will be conducted in multilateral partnership uniting Carnegie Melon University (US), Tallinn University of Technology (Estonia), and V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukraine). US part of the international research team is co-funded by NSF OISE/OD and CISE/CNS. Cryptographic algorithms allow us to send secret messages over an otherwise insecure communication channel, such as the internet. These algorithms are extremely important since they enable several aspects of our digital lives, be it online banking, messaging services, mobile phone networks, and many more. To realize such protected communications and maintain the privacy of the parties talking to each other, government agencies set cryptographic standards for adoption. These standards serve as a common language for two devices to talk to one another while keeping the content of the exchange messages protected. For instance, in the US, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommends, among others, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption/decryption in civilian communication. AES was chosen after a long competition where many candidates were considered and AES came out as the winning algorithm. Today, there are hundreds of implementations of AES in software form or in pure hardware form, i.e., implemented as a computer chip. Outside the US, many other standards exist. In Ukraine, a competition was also held which culminated in 2015 with the selection of Kalyna and Kupyna as the national standards. The existing software implementations of Kalyna and Kupyna have performance and security level comparable to their US counterparts. However, there is no known hardware architecture for the design of Kalyna or Kupyna. There is a need for Kalyna/Kupyna-capable hardware that displays (i) high performance; (ii) low power; (iii) tamper resistance; (iv) small footprint; and (v) physical security. This is the technical goal of this EAGER award, i.e., to execute a broad design space and security space exploration for the implementation of a block cipher (Kalyna) and a hash algorithm (Kupyna). This EAGER project represents a study on how to best implement these algorithms in a computer chip. The research team includes chip designers from the US and from Estonia, as well cryptography experts from Ukraine. The main technical outcome of the project is one fabricated chip containing several variants of the Kalyna and Kupyna algorithms. This EAGER award also has dissemination goals. Knowingly, the country of Ukraine does not enjoy access to trusted chip fabrication technology. Chip design knowledge is also scarce. We strive to have Ukrainian universities teaching, in the near future, both software and hardware cryptographic engineering. The latter is specific knowledge that, today, is not adequately covered by any university in the country. In order to achieve this goal, the chip design tasks executed in this project will be highly reproducible: design resources will be openly shared on public repositories, including Verilog source files. Synthesis scripts for state-of-the-art commercial chip design tools will also be shared. Finally, the entire design process will be documented in order to showcase the entire concept of the Kalyna/Kupyna chip, step by step, from RTL to layout. This documented effort will be made openly available to the chip design and cryptographic communities at large.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该项目由美国国家科学基金会、爱沙尼亚研究理事会(ETAG)和美国国家科学院共同支持。这项研究将与卡内基·梅隆大学(美国)、塔林理工大学(爱沙尼亚)和V.N.Karazin Kharkiv国立大学(乌克兰)联合进行多边合作。美国部分国际研究团队由NSF OISE/OD和CEISE/CNS共同资助。密码算法允许我们通过其他不安全的通信通道(如互联网)发送秘密消息。这些算法极其重要,因为它们使我们数字生活的几个方面成为可能,无论是在线银行、消息服务、移动电话网络等等。为了实现这种受保护的通信并保护相互交谈各方的隐私,政府机构制定了采用的加密标准。这些标准充当两个设备相互交谈的共同语言,同时保护交换消息的内容。例如,在美国,美国国家标准与技术研究所(NIST)推荐了用于民用通信中的加密/解密的高级加密标准(AES)等。在经过长时间的竞争后,最终选择了AES,其中考虑了许多候选算法,并最终选出了获胜的算法。今天,有数百种以软件形式或纯硬件形式(即,作为计算机芯片来实现)的AES实现。在美国以外,还有许多其他标准。在乌克兰,还举行了一次竞赛,最终在2015年选定了Kalyna和Kupyna作为国家标准。Kalyna和Kupyna的现有软件实现具有与美国同行相当的性能和安全水平。然而,对于Kalyna或Kupyna的设计,还没有已知的硬件架构。需要具备Kalyna/Kupyna功能的硬件,以显示(I)高性能;(Ii)低功耗;(Iii)防篡改;(Iv)占用空间小;以及(V)物理安全性。这就是这个热切获奖的技术目标,即为实现分组密码(Kalyna)和散列算法(Kupyna)执行广泛的设计空间和安全空间探索。这个急切的项目代表了一项关于如何在计算机芯片中最好地实现这些算法的研究。研究团队包括来自美国和爱沙尼亚的芯片设计师,以及来自乌克兰的密码学专家。该项目的主要技术成果是一个制造的芯片,其中包含Kalyna和Kupyna算法的几个变体。这个热切的奖项也有传播目标。在知情的情况下,乌克兰无法获得值得信赖的芯片制造技术。芯片设计知识也很匮乏。我们努力让乌克兰的大学在不久的将来教授软件和硬件密码工程。后者是目前国内任何一所大学都不能充分涵盖的具体知识。为了实现这一目标,该项目中执行的芯片设计任务将具有高度的重复性:设计资源将在包括Verilog源文件在内的公共存储库上公开共享。最先进的商业芯片设计工具的合成脚本也将被共享。最后,整个设计过程将被记录下来,以展示Kalyna/Kupyna芯片从RTL到版图的整个概念。这项有案可查的工作将向芯片设计和加密社区公开提供。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并已通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。

项目成果

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Samuel Pagliarini其他文献

Exploring the Limitations of Software-based Techniques in SEE Fault Coverage

Samuel Pagliarini的其他文献

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