Climate dynamics of the last Millennium derived from cell structure measurements of pine and oak trees in the temperate lowlands of NE-Germany and N-Poland

上个千年的气候动态源自德国东北部和波兰北部温带低地松树和橡树的细胞结构测量

• 批准号: 259353585
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Ingo Heinrich
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Referat Naturwissenschaften an der Zentrale
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/259353585?language=en
• 关键词: Climate; dynamics; last; Millennium; derived

According to the assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) global warming is undoubtedly occurring. Moreover the dynamics of regional and seasonal climate changes will differ significantly. Model comparisons indicate that some parts of the globe and some seasons experience stable or in some cases even declining temperatures. In order to more comprehensively understand such particular regional and seasonal trends, palaeoclimatology directs its attention towards long-term climate reconstructions. Tree-ring based temperature reconstructions form the major part of the data base used for the IPCC report. Temperature reconstructions so far indicated a rise in temperatures during the last decades. One major criticism, however, is that the bulk of the tree-ring chronologies used were from trees growing near the latitudinal or altitudinal limits, e.g., Alpine regions and northern Scandinavia. This is especially true for all tree-ring chronologies longer than 500 years. In contrast, long-term reconstructions derived from trees growing well within their latitudinal or altitudinal limits are missing. Thus they are not part of the IPCC data base, which we believe is a crucial gap in the palaeoclimate database. For instance, no tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions of millennial scale are available as yet for the temperate lowlands in Europe. Preliminary studies, however, indicate that such reconstructions may reveal long-term trends that substantially differ from those obtained for the high latitudes and altitudes, thus leaving doubts concerning the representativeness of large hemispherical and global reconstructions concerning the temperate lowlands in Europe. This gap in the data base still exists until today because dendroclimatology at temperate lowland sites has been upset for three main reasons, i.e., diffuse climate-growth relationships, only short chronologies because long-living trees were rare and the potential loss of low-frequency signals due to short sample segment lengths. This dilemma can be solved by analysing tree-ring parameters, other than width, e.g., stable isotopes or cell structures, but measuring these parameters is very time-consuming. Recently, we have developed a new method applying confocal laser scanning microscopy which reduces the efforts for obtaining chronologies of cell-structure measurements. First analyses have shown that such chronologies contain strong climate signals indicating the great potential for climate reconstructions for the temperate lowlands in Europe. Therefore, the core objective of this project is to develop multi-centennial chronologies of cell-structure measurements for NE-Germany and N-Poland, which will be utilized for long-term reconstructions. Subsequent analyses will examine the climate dynamics and underlying modes, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation by means of climate simulations.

根据政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的评估报告，全球变暖无疑正在发生。此外，区域和季节气候变化的动态将有很大差异。模式比较表明，全球某些地区和某些季节的温度稳定，在某些情况下甚至下降。为了更全面地了解这种特殊的区域和季节趋势，古气候学将注意力转向长期气候重建。基于树木年轮的温度重建构成了IPCC报告使用的数据库的主要部分。迄今为止的温度重建表明，过去几十年气温有所上升。然而，一个主要的批评是，所使用的大部分年轮年表都来自生长在纬度或海拔极限附近的树木，例如阿尔卑斯地区和斯堪的纳维亚北部。对于所有超过500年的年轮年表来说尤其如此。相比之下，缺少从树木在其纬度或高度范围内生长良好的长期重建。因此，它们不属于IPCC数据库的一部分，我们认为这是古气候数据库的一个关键空白。例如，目前还没有基于树木年轮的欧洲温带低地千年尺度的温度重建。然而，初步研究表明，这种重建可能揭示出与高纬度和高海拔地区所获得的结果有很大不同的长期趋势，从而使人们对有关欧洲温带低地的大型半球和全球重建的代表性产生怀疑。直到今天，数据库中的这一缺口仍然存在，因为温带低地地区的树木气候学受到了三个主要原因的干扰，即气候-生长关系分散，只有较短的年表，因为长寿的树木很少，以及由于样本片段长度短而可能损失的低频信号。这种困境可以通过分析树木年轮参数来解决，而不是宽度，例如稳定同位素或细胞结构，但测量这些参数非常耗时。最近，我们开发了一种应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜的新方法，减少了获得细胞结构测量年表的工作量。首先，分析表明，这些年表包含强烈的气候信号，表明欧洲温带低地气候重建的巨大潜力。因此，该项目的核心目标是开发德国东北部和波兰北部的细胞结构测量的百年年表，这些年表将用于长期重建。随后的分析将通过气候模拟研究气候动力学和潜在模式，如北大西洋涛动。

项目成果

Increased water‐use efficiency translates into contrasting growth patterns of Scots pine and sessile oak at their southern distribution limits

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13937
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Global Change Biology
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: E. Martínez‐Sancho;I. Dorado-Liñán;E. Gutiérrez Merino;M. Matiu;G. Helle;I. Heinrich;A. Menzel

Minimum winter temperature reconstruction from average earlywood vessel area of European oak (Quercus robur) in N-Poland

• DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.046
• 发表时间: 2016-05
• 期刊: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
• 作者: C. Pritzkow;T. Ważny;K. Heussner;M. Słowiński;Anne Bieber;I. D. Liñán;G. Helle;I. Heinrich

Xylem adjustment of sessile oak at its southern distribution limits

• DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx036
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Tree Physiology
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: E. Martínez‐Sancho;I. Dorado-Liñán;I. Heinrich;G. Helle;A. Menzel

An 810‐year history of cold season temperature variability for northern Poland

• DOI: 10.1111/bor.12274
• 发表时间: 2018-04
• 期刊: Boreas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: D. Balanzategui;Antje Knorr;K. Heussner;T. Ważny;W. Beck;M. Słowiński;G. Helle;A. Buras;M. Wilmking;E. van der Maaten;T. Scharnweber;I. Dorado-Liñán;I. Heinrich