Impacts of a public transport supply on passengers and operators

该子项目旨在开发和应用各种方法，以支持规划者设计公共交通供应。为了实现这一点，为测试实例（演示）创建和比较人工和算法解决方案。在第一个项目阶段开发和测试的旅行需求建模和数学供应优化方法，在第二个项目阶段得到扩展，以这样一种方式，它们考虑来自供需空间和时间分辨率的额外要求。为此，本文开展了以下工作：(1)公共交通分配模型中出发时间选择、停靠点选择和容量约束的建模。(2)将公共交通规划中的典型程序形式化，并将这些程序整合到数学优化方法中。(3)评价时间可用性、空间可达性和容量违规，比较人工和算法解决方案。考虑到与自动驾驶汽车相结合的移动即服务（MaaS）可以为人们提供有吸引力的出行选择，公共拼车系统也将在项目的第二阶段进行研究。MaaS可能危及或补充公共交通。根据以前的研究结果，研究建议假设，如果没有高容量的公共交通工具，城市地区的交通将无法发挥作用。然而，灵活的拼车系统可以作为大众交通的补充。因此，定期时间表的重要性和公共拼车系统的局限性进行了审查。

This subproject aims at developing and applying methods, which support planners in the design of a public transport supply. To achieve this, manmade and algorithmic solutions for test instances (demonstrators) are created and compared. The methods for travel demand modelling and mathematical supply optimisation, which were developed and tested in the first project phase, are extended in the second project phase in such a way that they consider additional requirements coming from a spatial and temporal resolution of supply and demand. The following steps are carried out for this purpose:(1) Modelling of departure time choice, stop choice and capacity constraints in public transport assignment models.(2) Formalisation of typical procedures applied in public transport planning and integration of these procedures in the mathematical optimisation methods.(3) Evaluation of temporal availability, spatial accessibility and capacity violations for the comparison of manmade and algorithmic solutions.Based on the expectation that Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in combination with automated vehicles can offer people attractive travel alternatives, public ridesharing systems will also be examined in the second project phase. MaaS can jeopardize or complement public transport. Based on previous findings, the research proposal assumes that traffic in urban regions will not function without high-capacity means of mass transport. However, mass transport may be supplemented by flexible ridesharing systems. Therefore, the importance of periodic timetables and the limitations of public ridesharing systems are examined.