权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A formal modeling approach towards assessing socially desirable responding with the overclaiming technique

一种通过过度声称技术评估社会期望响应的正式建模方法

基本信息

批准号：
260876406
负责人：
Professor Dr. Morten Moshagen
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/260876406?language=en
关键词：
formal modeling approach towards assessing

项目摘要

Although interviews and questionnaires are widely used in behavioral research, the validity of self-reports of sensitive attitudes, attributes, and behaviors suffers from the tendency of individuals to provide overly positive self-descriptions. One approach to deal with this issue is to assess (and ultimately statistically control for) individuals´ tendencies to provide socially desirable responses. The overclaiming technique aims to measure such tendencies by considering the discrepancy between a self-report and an external criterion. To this end, participants receive a list made up of both factually existent and invented words (allegedly referring to general knowledge) and are asked to state whether they are familiar with each of the items. Overclaiming is defined as the tendency to claim knowledge about factually non-existent items, and, consequently, can be used as a criterion discrepancy measure of self-presentation tendencies. The immediate advantage over traditional approaches (such as widely used impression management scales) lies in the fact that systematic differences between self-report and criterion are likely due to socially desirable responding, rather than due to possessing actual personality traits. Despite this conceptual advantage, the usual operationalization of overclaiming via an index based on signal detection theory suffers from the confound of response tendencies and memory processes. In addition, it is unclear how to interpret the entire range of this index. The planned project attempts to overcome this limitations by developing and validating an improved measurement model of overclaiming, rooted in the multinomial processing tree modeling framework. The proposed model decomposes memory processes from response tendencies and additionally allows for an unambiguous interpretation of the entire parameter space. The first part of the project covers the systematic, mainly experimental, validation of the parameters of the proposed measurement model to ensure their interpretation as psychological process components. The second part comprises a comprehensive set of studies that (a) attempt to demonstrate the utility of the overclaiming construct in measuring and controlling response distortions and (b) comparatively evaluate the proposed measurement model against the overclaiming index derived from signal detection theory. Provided that the proposed measurement model proves useful in reliably assessing the tendency to provide socially desirable responses, this can be seen as substantial improvement over existing approaches directed towards this issue.

虽然访谈和问卷在行为研究中被广泛使用，但敏感态度、属性和行为的自我报告的有效性受到个人提供过于积极的自我描述的倾向的影响。处理这一问题的一种方法是评估(并最终从统计上控制)个人提供社会合意反应的倾向。夸大技术的目的是通过考虑自我报告和外部标准之间的差异来衡量这种倾向。为此，参与者会收到一份清单，其中既有事实存在的词语，也有虚构的词语(据称是指常识)，并被要求说明他们是否熟悉每一项。过度声称被定义为声称知道事实上不存在的项目的倾向，因此，可以作为自我呈现倾向的标准差异度量。与传统方法(如广泛使用的印象管理量表)相比的直接优势在于，自我报告和标准之间的系统性差异可能是由于社会期望的反应，而不是由于拥有实际的人格特征。尽管有这一概念上的优势，但通常通过基于信号检测理论的指数进行夸大的可操作性受到反应倾向和记忆过程混淆的影响。此外，目前还不清楚如何解读这一指数的整个区间。计划中的项目试图通过开发和验证根植于多项式处理树建模框架的改进的夸大声明测量模型来克服这一限制。提出的模型将记忆过程从响应倾向中分解出来，并允许对整个参数空间进行明确的解释。该项目的第一部分包括对所提出的测量模型的参数进行系统的、主要是实验性的验证，以确保将它们解释为心理过程的组成部分。第二部分包括一系列全面的研究：(A)试图证明夸大结构在测量和控制反应失真方面的有效性；(B)将所提出的测量模型与基于信号检测理论的夸大指数进行对比评估。只要拟议的计量模型在可靠地评估提供社会所希望的反应的趋势方面是有用的，这可以被视为对针对这一问题的现有方法的重大改进。