Vertical and lateral aspects of Chinese dialect history
汉语方言史的纵向和横向
基本信息
- 批准号:261553824
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Fellowships
- 财政年份:2014
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:2013-12-31 至 2015-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Despite a long tradition of research, only little is known about the origin and diversification of the Chinese dialects. The reason for this is the specific sociolinguistic situation in China, where - for over two thousand years - countless, mostly mutually unintelligible linguistic varieties have been developing under the roof of a common culture and a common writing system. Under the influence of centripetal forces caused by varying prestige languages, centrifugal forces resulting from geographical distance, and different waves of migrations, a language family hase emerged whose linguistic divergence resembles that of the Romance languages, but whose history is so complex and intertwined that it seems impossible to describe it by means of a classical family tree. This is also reflected in traditional Chinese dialectology which confines itself to divide the Chinese dialects into static groups without trying to develop hypotheses as to how these groups have emerged. One of the biggest problems in this context is the distinction of inherited (vertical) and borrowed (lateral) features, which is immensely aggravated by the extensive language contact in China. Along with the recent quantitative turn in historical linguistics, many methods from bioinformatics were applied to linguistic problems. Most new methods limit themselves to the reconstruction of language trees. Implicitly, they draw a parallel between language evolution and the mostly tree-like evolution of animals and plants. Recent research, however, has shown that it may be more appropriate to resort to biological network approaches that have been developed to study bacterial evolution. Since lateral gene transfer plays a similarly important role in bacterial evolution as borrowing does in language development, biological network approaches provide both formal means to model vertical and lateral aspects of language history, and different methods to distinguish them from each other. Based on interdisciplinary cooperation with biologists and sinologists from Paris, this research project will use network methods to explore vertical and lateral aspects of Chinese dialect history in detail. Existing methods will be further refined, adapted to linguistic needs, and applied to a large lexical database of Chinese dialects, which will be created specifically for this purpose. In this way, the project will contribute to Chinese dialect classification in particular, and to quantitative modeling of language history in general.
尽管有悠久的研究传统,但对汉语方言的起源和多样化知之甚少。其原因在于中国特殊的社会语言学情况。两千多年来,在共同的文化和共同的文字系统的屋檐下,无数的、大多数是相互无法理解的语言变体一直在发展。在各种声望语言的向心力、地理距离的离心力和不同的移民浪潮的影响下,出现了一个语族,它的语言分歧类似于罗曼语,但它的历史是如此复杂和交织,以至于似乎不可能用经典的家谱来描述它。这也反映在传统的汉语方言学中,它把自己局限于把汉语方言划分为静态的群体,而没有试图提出这些群体是如何出现的假设。在这种语境下,最大的问题之一是继承特征(纵向特征)和借用特征(横向特征)的区分,而中国广泛的语言接触又极大地加剧了这一问题。随着历史语言学最近的定量转向,生物信息学的许多方法被应用于语言问题。大多数新方法都局限于语言树的重建。他们含蓄地把语言的进化与大部分动物和植物的树状进化相提并论。然而,最近的研究表明,利用生物网络方法来研究细菌进化可能更合适。由于基因横向转移在细菌进化中扮演着与语言发展中借用同样重要的角色,生物网络方法既提供了正式的方法来模拟语言历史的纵向和横向方面,也提供了不同的方法来区分它们。本研究项目将与来自巴黎的生物学家和汉学家开展跨学科合作,利用网络方法对中国方言史的纵向和横向进行详细探索。现有的方法将进一步完善,适应语言学的需要,并应用于专门为此创建的大型汉语方言词汇数据库。通过这种方式,该项目将有助于中国方言分类,以及语言历史的定量建模。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(6)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Using Network Models to Analyze Old Chinese Rhyme Data (用網絡模型來分析古代漢語的韻母數據)
使用网络模型分析古汉语韵数据 æ¸æ)
- DOI:10.1163/2405478x-00902004
- 发表时间:2016
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Johann-Mattis
- 通讯作者:Johann-Mattis
Beyond cognacy: historical relations between words and their implication for phylogenetic reconstruction
超越同源性:词语之间的历史关系及其对系统发育重建的影响
- DOI:10.1093/jole/lzw006
- 发表时间:2016
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.6
- 作者:
- 通讯作者:
Vowel purity and rhyme evidence in Old Chinese reconstruction
古汉语重建中的元音纯度和韵律证据
- DOI:10.1186/s40655-017-0021-8
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Johann-Mattis;Pathmanathan;Jananan Sylvestre;Nathan W;Bapteste;Philippe
- 通讯作者:Philippe
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