Enlightenment as self-interpretation - historical-systematic reconstruction of Johann Joachim Spalings 'Destination of Man' (1748)

斯波尔丁（17014-1804）的早期出版物《Betrachtung über die Bestimmung des Menschen --对人的目的地的思考》（Betrachtung über die Bestimmung des Menschen -- Consideration to the destination of Man）被认为是德国启蒙神学的纲领性文本，也是一本畅销书。这也是对18世纪中叶人类学转向的重大贡献。毫无疑问，在启蒙世纪后半叶的思想史上，没有一个重要人物忽视过这本书。它从人类走向自身目的地的基本问题出发，试图将道德和宗教理解为自我解释过程的一个功能。斯伯丁的书在世纪后半叶的辩论（阿布特，门德尔松，康德）的接收是充分的工作了。这就是为什么我的研究注定要对它的起源进行第一次广泛的重建。它描述了从斯伯丁的学术资格文本，小文章，直到英国哲学家沙夫茨伯里的两个文本的翻译的发展。尤其是，《笨拙论》注重从思想和观念的历史角度进行分析。在范畴维度上，主要从独白的文学修辞格、目的逻辑结构、幸福思想的指向、"顿悟“概念的认识功能（感觉）最后，斯伯丁的概念将被铭记在当前神学和哲学辩论的背景下，关于宗教的建构理论，目的地，幸福，人的尊严和宗教意识结构的情感维度的概念的复兴。这项研究带来了斯伯丁的目的地书作为一个重要贡献的现代基督教和开明的新教的未完成的项目的理解。

The early publication of Spalding (17014-1804) 'Betrachtung über die Bestimmung des Menschen - Consideration to the destination of Man' is both regarded as a programmatic text of the german theology of Enlightenment and was a bestseller. It is also a substantial contribution to the anthropological turn in the middle of the 18th century. Doubtless there is no important person of history of thought in the second half of Enlightenment century, who ignored this book. It starts at the basic question of the human being to its own destination and tries to comprehend morality and religion as a function of the process of self-interpretation. The reception of Spaldings book in the debates of the second half of 18th century (Abbt, Mendelssohn, Kant) is sufficiently worked off. That's why my study is destined to a first extensive reconstruction of its genesis. It describes the developments from Spalding¿s texts of academic qualification, small articles until to the translations of two texts of the english philosopher Shaftesbury. Especially ponderosity lays on analysis in terms of the history of ideas and notions. In regard to the categorical dimension the study focuses the literary-rhetoric figure of soliloquy, the structure of destination-logic, the orientation at the thought of happiness, the epistemic function of the notion 'Empfindung (sensation)' and finally the consequences to a concept of religion.Finally the concept of Spalding would be inscribed in the context of current theological and philosophical debates about a constructional theory of religion and the renaissance of concepts of Destination, happiness, human dignity and the emotional dimension of the structure of religious awareness.The study brings off Spalding¿s Destination-book as an important contribution to the unfinished project of a modern understanding of Christianity and of an enlightened Protestantism.