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Layered carbonates in Roman aqueducts: a new archive for environmental studies and archaeology

罗马渡槽中的层状碳酸盐：环境研究和考古学的新档案

基本信息

批准号：
262362496
负责人：
Professor Dr. Cornelis Passchier, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Geologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/262362496?language=en
关键词：
Layered carbonates Roman aqueducts new

项目摘要

Terrestrial carbonate deposits such as speleothems, tufa and travertine are important archives for palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology. Recently, carbonate deposits formed in historical aqueducts have been recognised as a new high-resolution archive of this type, with the additional possibility to obtain archaeological information. Aqueduct channels are well-defined geometric structures, and carbonate deposition therein is easier to understand and model than in natural freshwater carbonate deposits. A better understanding of the layering in carbonate deposits from historical aqueducts is essential to explore their worldwide potential for high-resolution palaeo-environmental and archaeology studies. In a previous study on Roman aqueducts in Turkey our group has shown that stable isotopes can be used to identify annual layering in the deposits even when the typical petrographic alternation of dense, coarse-crystalline winter and fine-crystalline, porous summer calcite is not clearly visible or complex. We propose to expand this method and to make this new high-resolution archive more widely applicable to other climate zones and for all types of water sources. This will be achieved by investigating two Roman aqueducts in a new climatic area, in southern France (Fréjus and Cahors). The precise nature of summer and winter deposits and other layering will be investigated by a combined analysis of a series of carbonate samples along each of the two aqueducts, by monitoring of the springs feeding these aqueducts and by monitoring carbonate growth in a still functioning ancient channel. The study is multi- and transdisciplinary involving research on freshwater carbonate depositional mechanisms, palaeoclimate, rock microstructures, freshwater microbiology, water resources, historical engineering and archaeology. Natural freshwater terrestrial carbonates are also important reservoir rocks for oil and gas with increasing economic significance.Terrestrial carbonate deposits, such as speleothems, tufa and travertine, are important archives for palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology. In recent years, carbonate deposits formed in historical aqueducts have been recognised as a new high-resolution archive of this type, with the additional possibility to obtain archaeological information. Aqueduct channels are well-defined geometric structures, and carbonate deposition therein is easier to understand and model than in the majority of natural freshwater carbonate deposits. A better understanding of the layering in carbonate deposits from historical aqueducts is essential to explore their worldwide potential for high-resolution palaeoenvironmental and archaeological studies. In a previous study on Roman aqueducts in Turkey, our group has shown that stable oxygen and carbon isotopes can be used to identify annual layering even if the typical petrographic alternation of dense, coarse-crystalline winter and fine-crystalline, porous summer calcite is not clearly visible macro- and microscopically. We propose to expand this method in order to make this new high-resolution archive more widely applicable to other climate zones and for other types of water sources. This will be achieved by investigating three Roman aqueducts in another climate zone in southern France (Béziers, Fréjus, and Cahors). The precise nature of summer and winter deposits will be investigated by a combined analysis of a series of samples along each of the two aqueducts, by monitoring the springs feeding these aqueducts and by monitoring carbonate growth in a still functioning channel. The study is multi- and transdisciplinary involving research on freshwater carbonate depositional mechanisms, palaeoclimate, carbonate microstructures, freshwater microbiology, water resources, historical engineering and archaeology.

碳酸盐沉积是古气候和古水文的重要档案。最近，在历史水道中形成的碳酸盐沉积物被认为是这种类型的新的高分辨率档案，并有可能获得考古信息。渡槽渠道是明确的几何结构，其中的碳酸盐沉积比天然淡水碳酸盐沉积更容易理解和建模。更好地了解历史水道中碳酸盐沉积物的分层对于探索其全球高分辨率古环境和考古学研究的潜力至关重要。在以前对土耳其罗马水道的研究中，我们的小组已经表明，即使在典型的致密、粗晶的冬季方解石和细晶、多孔的夏季方解石的岩相学交替并不清晰可见或复杂的情况下，稳定同位素也可以用于识别沉积物中的年度分层。我们建议扩展这种方法，使这种新的高分辨率档案更广泛地适用于其他气候带和所有类型的水源。这将是通过调查两个罗马渡槽在一个新的气候区，在法国南部（Fréjus和卡奥尔）。夏季和冬季沉积物和其他分层的确切性质将通过对两条渡槽中的每一条沿着的一系列碳酸盐样品进行综合分析，通过监测为这些渡槽供水的泉水，以及通过监测仍在运行的古河道中的碳酸盐生长来进行调查。这项研究是多学科和跨学科的，涉及淡水碳酸盐沉积机制、古气候、岩石微观结构、淡水微生物学、水资源、历史工程和考古学的研究。天然淡水陆相碳酸盐岩也是重要的油气储集岩，具有重要的经济意义，洞穴沉积物、凝灰岩和碳酸盐岩沉积是古气候和古水文的重要档案。近年来，在历史水道中形成的碳酸盐沉积物已被认为是这种类型的新的高分辨率档案，并有可能获得考古信息。渡槽渠道是定义明确的几何结构，其中的碳酸盐沉积比大多数天然淡水碳酸盐沉积更容易理解和建模。更好地了解碳酸盐沉积物的分层从历史水道是必不可少的，以探索其高分辨率的古环境和考古研究的全球潜力。在以前对土耳其罗马渡槽的研究中，我们的小组已经表明，即使在宏观和微观上不能清楚地看到致密、粗晶的冬季方解石和细晶、多孔的夏季方解石的典型岩相学交替，稳定的氧和碳同位素也可以用于识别年度分层。我们建议扩展这种方法，以使这种新的高分辨率档案更广泛地适用于其他气候区和其他类型的水源。这将通过调查在法国南部的另一个气候带（贝济耶，弗雷茹斯，和卡奥尔）的三个罗马渡槽。夏季和冬季沉积物的确切性质将通过对两条渡槽中的每一条沿着的一系列样品进行综合分析、通过监测为这些渡槽供水的泉水以及通过监测仍在运行的渠道中的碳酸盐生长来进行调查。这项研究是多学科和跨学科的，涉及淡水碳酸盐沉积机制、古气候、碳酸盐显微结构、淡水微生物学、水资源、历史工程和考古学的研究。