Neurocognition of action monitoring: Interaction of person- and task-related determinants

这些项目旨在明确事件相关脑电位的情景(任务相关)和个人(特质和/或疾病相关)决定因素与行动监测的相关性(错误相关否定，ERN；纠正相关否定，CRN)。以前的发现表明，强迫症患者的ERN和CRN的幅度可靠地增强，但在其他障碍和以焦虑恐惧为特征的个人中也是如此。在先前的项目中，提出了通过刺激相容和冲突频率以及通过指示的反应监测来调节ERN和CRN的研究。结果表明，ERN和CRN是可分离的，提示活动来自多个神经元来源。利用时空主成分分析，提供了另外的证据，证明存在两个在地形和功能上不同的子成分，有助于监测正确和错误的行动。强迫症(OCD)患者ERN和CRN波幅的增强被证明是由这两个亚成分驱动的。在一项同时进行的EEG/fMRI研究中，我们首次展示了强迫症患者ERN幅度增强背后的不同发生器星座。强迫症患者的波幅不能通过对错误的惩罚来进一步提高。在拟议的项目继续中，我们计划在这些发现的基础上，进一步阐明任务相关和特质相关对ERN/CRN的影响。为此，我们将测试降低ERN/CRN的方法，特别是强迫症患者的增强幅度(A)通过任务诱导的受控注意资源的划分，以及(B)通过指导专注于速度的任务执行。这些实验将在具有低度、中度和高度强迫行为的个体中进行，后者既有DSM-5强迫症诊断，也有无强迫症诊断，以测试是否存在特质和/或强迫症驱动的主效应，以及这些个体差异对实验效应的调节。将测量与强迫症相关的几个特征(神经质、特质焦虑、习惯性负面情绪、担忧、惩罚敏感性和完美主义)，以回归分析检验这些特征的独特方差贡献，并找出最能解释行动监控过程的变量。从长远来看，解释疾病相关过程的可修复性以及个人和情境条件的作用将成为成功治疗精神障碍的相关因素。

The projects aims at specifying situational (task-related) and personal (trait and/or disease-related) determinants of event-related brain potential correlates of action monitoring (error related negativity, ERN; correct related negativity, CRN). Previous findings point to reliably enhanced amplitudes of the ERN and CRN in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder but also in other disorders and in individuals characterized by anxious apprehension. In the preceding Project studies addressing the modulation of ERN and CRN by stimulus compatibility and conflict frequency as well as by instructed response monitoring were advanced. Results show that ERN and CRN are dissociable suggesting contributing activity from more than one neuronal source. Using spatio-temporal principal components analyses additional evidence was provided for the existence of two topographically and functionally different subcomponents which contribute to monitoring of correct and erroneous actions. Enhanced ERN and CRN amplitudes in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) turned out to be driven by both subcomponents. In a simultaneous EEG/fMRI study we could show for the first time a different generator constellation underlying enhanced ERN amplitudes in OCD patients. Amplitudes of OCD patients could not be further enhanced by punishment of errors.In the proposed project continuation we plan to pursue on the basis of those findings by further elucidating task-related and trait-related effects on the ERN/CRN. To this aim, we will test means to lower the ERN/CRN, in particular the enhanced amplitudes in OCD patients (a) by task-induced dividing of controlled attentional resources, and (b) by instructing speed-focused task execution. These experiments will be conducted in samples of individuals with low, moderate, and high obsessive-compulsive behaviors, the latter both with and without DSM-5 diagnosis of OCD, in order to test whether trait- and/or OCD-driven main effects, and a moderation of experimental effects by those individual differences occur. Several traits associated with OCD (neuroticism, trait anxiety, habitual negative affect, worrying, sensitivity for punishment, and perfectionism) will be measured to test in a regression analysis the unique variance contributions of those traits, and to find out the variable which accounts best for action monitoring processes. Explaining modifiability of disease-related processes and the role of person and situation conditions will become relevant for successful treatment of mental disorders in the long run.