Istanbul Heritage - Valuable and Dispensable. The Ethics of Urban Renewal and Heritage Protection, from 1910 to the Gezi Protests of 2013

关于伊斯坦布尔是一个什么样的城市，或者应该是一个什么样的城市？伊斯兰的，传统的，东方的，第三世界的大都市，(后)殖民地，甚至是全球的争论已经持续了很长一段时间。在整个上个世纪，这是城市政治中的一个重要问题，特别是在遗产政策和国家历史的建设中。遗产政策将建筑物指定为需要保护的遗产或可有可无的遗产。伊斯坦布尔遗产--珍贵和一次性项目调查了关于城市结构和城市历史建筑环境使用的伦理谈判。这些谈判有一个核心的伦理特征，因为什么是宝贵遗产，什么是可有可无的，这意味着每个公民都有义务。因此，它超越了道德处方。该项目对研究小组的贡献是深入讨论历史、遗产政策和(社会或集体)记忆对城市伦理的重要性。这项研究项目调查了建筑环境的元素和历史范例如何与社会行为者联系在一起，从而成为创建良好和正确生活伦理的工具。因此，关于城市遗产的谈判不仅涉及城市应该具有什么特色的问题，还涉及谁应该居住在城市以及如何生活的问题。在1910年至2013年伊斯坦布尔的案例中，这位被提议的道德行为者始终是一个现代主题。对于这一主题，城市必须以现代的方式塑造；另一方面，S必须证明她/他自己配得上这种现代性。然而，在这个现代性项目的框架内，过去和对其建筑遗迹的保护始终发挥着决定性的作用--尽管这听起来可能有些自相矛盾。现代城市和现代公民需要意识到它们的根源，尊重它们，并通过遗产保护的方式来保护它们。就伊斯坦布尔而言，现代公民与其历史遗产之间的关系已经并将继续构成一个有争议的问题。现代公民对她/他的遗产承担责任。然而，他或她应该如何在手头的众多过去中做出选择？将在伊斯坦布尔的城市空间开展五个案例研究，并将使用历史话语分析，以便将关于遗产的冲突理解为伦理谈判。总而言之，他们关注的是相关的参与者，遗产话语随着时间的变化，以及过去十年城市伦理的潜在繁荣。

The debate about what kind of city Istanbul is or should be ¿ Islamic, traditional, oriental, a thirdworld metropolis, (post-)colonial or even global ¿ has been going on for a long time. Throughout the last century, this was an important issue in urban politics in general and in heritage policy and the construction of national history in particular. Heritage policy designates buildings either as heritage to be protected or as dispensable. The project ¿Istanbul Heritage - Valuable and Dispensable¿ investigates the ethical negotiations about the use of the urban structures and historical built environment in the city. These negotiations have a central ethical trait because the definition of what constitutes valuable heritage and what is dispensable implies obligations for each citizen. Consequently, it exceeds moral prescriptions. The contribution of this project to the research group is to discuss in-depth the importance of history, heritage policy and (social or collective) memory for urban ethics. This research project investigates how elements of the built environment and historical examples are attached to social actors and thus become instrumental in creating an ethics of ¿good¿ and ¿correct¿ life. The negotiations about urban heritage, therefore, relate not only to the question of what character the city should have, but also to the issue of who should live in the city and how.In the case of Istanbul between 1910 and 2013, this proposed ethical actor is always a ¿modern¿ subject. For this subject the city has to be shaped in a ¿modern¿ way; on the other hand, s/he has to prove her/himself worthy of this modernity. In the framework of this project of modernity, however, the past and the protection of its built remains always played a decisive role ¿ as paradoxical as this may sound. The modern city and the modern citizen are required to be aware of their ¿roots,¿ to treat them with respect and to conserve them by means of heritage protection. In the case of Istanbul, the relationship between the modern citizen and her/his historical heritage has constituted and continues to constitute a matter of contention. The modern citizen assumes responsibility for her/his heritage ¿ however, how should he or she choose between the many pasts at hand? Five case studies in the urban space of Istanbul will be carried out and will use historical discourse analysis in order to understand the conflicts about heritage as ethical negotiations. Taken together, they focus on the actors involved, on changes over time in the heritage discourse and on a potential boom of urban ethics in the past decade.