Tokyo: On the Way to Becoming a Slow City? Strategies and Initiatives to Slow Down Urban Life Contexts

在20世纪的过程中，人口增长、工业化和集中化等进程导致了日本城市的快速发展和巨大的人口密度。自20世纪90年代以来，这些增长进程已经放缓，甚至出现停滞迹象。经济转型，如农村地区的去工业化和生产转移到邻近的亚洲国家，以应对全球化的压力，以及人口变化，如人口下降和人口老龄化，导致了复杂的社会空间差异。一段时间以来，各方一直在制定战略，以振兴农村地区，并以生态和社会可持续的方式发展城市，使其更宜居。在全国和全球的选址竞争中，东京是引领潮流的城市。与以功能分离、加速、增长和抛弃城市边界为基础的现代城市不同，后工业城市与多功能空间、建筑和城市规划的多样性、减速、去工业化、去增长和空间限制有关。这与向紧凑、减速和非正式的转变有关。在这一背景下，有关部分减速的考虑被提出并进一步发展。这种思考起源于欧洲的慢运动和慢城市模式，并在全球范围内流传。目前的项目有几个目标。首先，本文分析了日本关于减速和缓慢的话语，并分析了这些城市伦理设计和愿景如何与欧洲和北美的话语联系起来，以及它们在当前关于东京的话语中扮演了什么角色。在这种背景下，东京被认为是一个有争议的领域，一方面是关于增长的对立发展和话语，另一方面是关于减速，以及它们各自的空间分配。因此，该项目研究了与减速城市空间和导致减速的社会实践相关的特征。前景中的问题是探究“美好生活”的伦理观点，这些观点指导着谈判过程。然后，该项目将研究这些话语如何在东京选定地区的振兴计划和城市设计活动等社会实践中采取具体形式。在这种背景下，参与式（或“自下而上”）的城市发展方式，即所谓的“machachizukuri”，在调动公民的社会创造力潜力方面发挥着重要作用。在伦理观念和社区合作观念的引导下，邻里社区正在联合起来，开展改善当地环境的项目。在东京，由町足项目发起的部分减速的地点可以确定为Yanaka， Nezu和Sendagi等。这些小规模的混合用途是

In the course of the 20th century, processes such as population growth, industrialization and centralization have led to rapid urban growth and enormous population density in Japan. Since the 1990s, these growth processes have slowed down and even show signs of stagnation. Economic transformations such as the deindustrialization of rural regions and the transfer of production to neighboring Asian countries in response to the pressure of globalization as well as demographic shifts such as population decline and the aging of the population have led to complex socio-spatial differences. For some time now, various actors have been developing strategies to revitalize rural areas and to develop cities in an ecologically and socially sustainable way to make them more livable., with Tokyo as a trendsetter in the national and global location competition. In contrast to the city of the modern age, which is based on the separation of functions, acceleration, growth and discarding urban boundaries, the post-industrial city is associated with multifunctional spaces, diversity in architecture and urban planning, deceleration, deindustrialization, de-growth and spatial limitation. This is connected with a shift to the compact, the decelerated and the informal. Against this backdrop, considerations surrounding a partial deceleration are taken up and developed further. Such considerations have their origins in the European model of the slow movement and the slow city and are circulating globally.The present project pursues several objectives. First, Japanese discourses on deceleration and slowness are analyzed with regard to the question of how these urban-ethical designs and visions relate to European and North American discourses and what role they play in the current discourse on Tokyo. In this context, Tokyo is considered as a contested field of opposing developments of and discourses on growth, on the one hand, and on deceleration, on the other, and their respective spatial appropriations. The project, therefore, investigates the characteristics associated with decelerated urban spaces and social practice leading to deceleration. The question in the foreground is to inquire into the ethical views of a ¿good life¿ which are guiding the negotiation processes. Then the project will examine how such discourses are taking concrete form in social practices such as revitalization programs and urban design activities in selected areas in Tokyo. In this context, participatory (or ¿bottom-up¿) ways of urban development, so-called machizukuri, play an important role in mobilizing the citizens¿ potential for social creativity. Led by ethical ideas and notions of community and cooperation, neighborhood communities are joining together to launch projects for improving the local environment. Locations in Tokyo, in which a partial deceleration, initiated by machizukuri projects, can be identified are Yanaka, Nezu and Sendagi, among others. These small-scale, mixed-use are