Tokyo: On the Way to Becoming a Slow City? Strategies and Initiatives to Slow Down Urban Life Contexts

在20世纪的过程中，人口增长、工业化和集中化等过程导致了日本城市的快速增长和巨大的人口密度。自20世纪90年代以来，这些增长过程已经放缓，甚至出现停滞迹象。农村地区的去工业化和为应对全球化压力而将生产转移到亚洲邻国等经济转型，以及人口减少和老龄化等人口结构变化，导致了复杂的社会空间差异。一段时间以来，各种行为者一直在制定战略，以振兴农村地区，并以生态和社会可持续的方式发展城市，使其更适合居住。东京在全国和全球区位竞争中引领潮流。与基于功能分离、加速、增长和抛弃城市边界的现代城市不同，后工业城市与多功能空间、建筑和城市规划的多样性、减速、去工业化、去增长和空间限制有关。这与向紧凑型、减速型和非正式型转变有关。在这种背景下，围绕部分减速的考虑得到了进一步的发展。这样的考虑起源于欧洲的慢运动和慢城市模式，并在全球范围内流通。本项目追求几个目标。首先，分析了日本关于减速和缓慢的话语，关于这些城市伦理设计和愿景如何与欧洲和北美的话语相关联，以及它们在当前关于东京的话语中扮演了什么角色。在这方面，东京被认为是一个争论不休的领域，一方面是关于增长的对立发展和论述，另一方面是关于减速和各自空间拨款的对立。因此，该项目调查与减速的城市空间和导致减速的社会实践相关的特征。前景中的问题是探讨指导谈判过程的“美好生活”的伦理观点。然后，该项目将研究这种话语如何在东京选定地区的振兴计划和城市设计活动等社会实践中形成具体形式。在这方面，参与性(或自下而上)的城市发展方式，即所谓的Machizukuri，在调动公民的社会创造力方面发挥着重要作用。在伦理思想和社区与合作理念的引领下，邻里社区正在联合起来，发起改善当地环境的项目。在东京，可以识别出由Machizukuri项目引发的部分减速的地点有柳中、内津和仙打木等。这些小规模的混合用途是

In the course of the 20th century, processes such as population growth, industrialization and centralization have led to rapid urban growth and enormous population density in Japan. Since the 1990s, these growth processes have slowed down and even show signs of stagnation. Economic transformations such as the deindustrialization of rural regions and the transfer of production to neighboring Asian countries in response to the pressure of globalization as well as demographic shifts such as population decline and the aging of the population have led to complex socio-spatial differences. For some time now, various actors have been developing strategies to revitalize rural areas and to develop cities in an ecologically and socially sustainable way to make them more livable., with Tokyo as a trendsetter in the national and global location competition. In contrast to the city of the modern age, which is based on the separation of functions, acceleration, growth and discarding urban boundaries, the post-industrial city is associated with multifunctional spaces, diversity in architecture and urban planning, deceleration, deindustrialization, de-growth and spatial limitation. This is connected with a shift to the compact, the decelerated and the informal. Against this backdrop, considerations surrounding a partial deceleration are taken up and developed further. Such considerations have their origins in the European model of the slow movement and the slow city and are circulating globally.The present project pursues several objectives. First, Japanese discourses on deceleration and slowness are analyzed with regard to the question of how these urban-ethical designs and visions relate to European and North American discourses and what role they play in the current discourse on Tokyo. In this context, Tokyo is considered as a contested field of opposing developments of and discourses on growth, on the one hand, and on deceleration, on the other, and their respective spatial appropriations. The project, therefore, investigates the characteristics associated with decelerated urban spaces and social practice leading to deceleration. The question in the foreground is to inquire into the ethical views of a ¿good life¿ which are guiding the negotiation processes. Then the project will examine how such discourses are taking concrete form in social practices such as revitalization programs and urban design activities in selected areas in Tokyo. In this context, participatory (or ¿bottom-up¿) ways of urban development, so-called machizukuri, play an important role in mobilizing the citizens¿ potential for social creativity. Led by ethical ideas and notions of community and cooperation, neighborhood communities are joining together to launch projects for improving the local environment. Locations in Tokyo, in which a partial deceleration, initiated by machizukuri projects, can be identified are Yanaka, Nezu and Sendagi, among others. These small-scale, mixed-use are