CERAMEGYPT - Pottery production and consumption in Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt

传统上，陶器是考古研究的主要化石指南之一。然而，最近它受到了越来越多的关注。其原因尤其体现在陶瓷发现可以做出贡献的多个领域：除了其作为挖掘背景定年基础的核心功能以及为社会文化调查（例如日常生活）做出贡献的许多可能性之外，其作为经济史中提出问题的物质基础的巨大潜力近年来已经脱颖而出。然而，目前对希腊化和罗马时期的研究是非常不同的。虽然希腊罗马世界的许多地区已经发展出详细而固定的年代类型，并且对经济史问题进行了一些调查，但对托勒密-罗马埃及的研究在很大程度上还处于起步阶段。在许多发掘中进行了详细的文献记录，但迄今为止缺乏区域间的数据交换，也缺乏统一的术语和年代类型。尤其令人感到的是，缺乏对埃及陶器产地的考古分析。正是在这些基础上，才能对埃及陶器的生产、分布和消费进行可靠的调查。这里提出的项目旨在面对这一缺陷，有三个研究轴。在A轴，将与众多外部合作伙伴合作参观埃及的古代陶器生产中心，并根据统一的标准记录当地的产品，并进行考古调查。在研究轴B中，将根据一定的标准编写一本关于埃及托勒密和罗马陶器的手册。在C轴中，将根据某些时间范围内选定的情况进行统计分析，以便了解经济史的一般问题。拟议的项目可以建立在广泛的准备工作和基础设施措施的基础上，这些措施是在ANR-DFG项目Ceramalex（2011- 2014年中期）的框架内创建的。从亚历山大港、沙迪亚和马雷亚的挖掘地点开始，通过密集的团队合作，有可能标准化以前非常异构的陶器分析方法（例如术语、类型学）。此外，在亚历山大港的法国合作伙伴建立了一个供应充足的陶瓷实验室，一方面可以进行岩石学分析，另一方面可以处理埃及目前唯一可用的考古分析仪器，即便携式x射线荧光分析仪。最后，有可能建立一个复杂的数据库，其中包括在亚历山大和斯凯迪亚发现的大部分陶器。在此基础上，德国-法国项目现在希望对埃及陶器的调查作出国际上有效的贡献。

Pottery is traditionally one of the main fossil guides in archaeological research. Recently, however, it has been experiencing increasing attention. The reason for this is to be found especially in the multiplicity of domains in which ceramic finds can make a contribution: alongside its central function as the basis for dating excavation contexts and its many possibilities of contributing to socio-cultural investigations (e.g. in everyday life), its great potential as the material basis for posing questions in economic history has come to the fore in recent years. The current state of research for the Hellenistic and Roman period is, however, very heterogeneous. While for many regions of the Graeco-Roman world detailed and fixed chronotypologies have been developed and investigations on questions of economic history exist for some, research on Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt is largely at the beginning. On numerous excavations detailed documentation is carried out, but the interregional exchange of data is lacking so far, as are a unified terminology and chronotypology. The lack of archaeometric analyses of provenience of the pottery produced in Egypt itself is especially felt. It is precisely on these bases that reliable investigations of the production, distribution and consumption of pottery in Egypt can be carried out. The project proposed here is designed to confront this deficit, with three research axes. In Axis A ancient pottery production centers in Egypt are to be visited in cooperation with numerous external partners and local productions to be documented according to unified standards and investigated archaeometrically. In Research Axis B a manual of Ptolemaic and Roman pottery in Egypt will be developed according to certain criteria. In Axis C statistical analyses are to be carried out on the basis of selected contexts in certain chronological horizons in order to follow general questions of economic history. The project proposed can build upon extensive preparatory work and infrastructural measures that were created in the framework of the ANR-DFG project Ceramalex (2011-mid 2014). Starting from the excavation sites in Alexandria, Schedia and Marea of those proposing the project, it was possible through intensive teamwork to standardize the previously very heterogeneous approaches to the analysis of pottery (e.g. terminology, typology). Furthermore, a well supplied ceramic laboratory was built up at the French partner in Alexandria, which allows petrographical analyses on the one hand and on the other disposes of the only instrument currently available in Egypt for archaeometrical analyses in the form of a portable X-ray fluorescence analyser. Finally, it was possible to develop a complex database, in which a large part of the pottery found at Alexandria and Schedia has been entered. On this basis, the German-French project would now like to make an internationally effective contribution to the investigation of pottery in Egypt.