CERAMEGYPT - Pottery production and consumption in Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt

陶器传统上是考古学研究中的主要化石指南之一。然而，最近，它受到了越来越多的关注。其原因尤其在于，陶瓷出土物可以在多个领域做出贡献：除了作为确定发掘环境年代的基础的核心功能以及为社会文化调查（例如日常生活）做出贡献的多种可能性之外，近年来，它作为提出经济史问题的物质基础的巨大潜力也开始显现。然而，目前对希腊化和罗马时期的研究是非常异质的。虽然希腊-罗马世界的许多地区已经发展出详细而固定的年代学，并且对一些地区的经济史问题进行了调查，但对托勒密-罗马埃及的研究基本上还处于起步阶段。在许多发掘中，进行了详细的记录，但迄今为止缺乏区域间的数据交换，也缺乏统一的术语和年代学。特别是缺乏对埃及本身生产的陶器来源的考古学分析。正是在这些基础上，才能对埃及陶器的生产、分配和消费进行可靠的调查。这里提出的项目旨在应对这一赤字，有三个研究轴。在A轴中，埃及的古代陶器生产中心将与众多外部合作伙伴合作，并根据统一的标准记录当地产品并进行考古调查。在研究轴B中，将根据一定的标准开发埃及托勒密和罗马陶器手册。在C轴中，统计分析将在特定时间范围内的特定背景下进行，以便跟踪经济史的一般问题。拟议的项目可以建立在ANR-DFG项目Ceramerex（2011年至2014年中期）框架内创建的广泛筹备工作和基础设施措施的基础上。从亚历山大，Schedia和Marea的挖掘现场开始，通过密集的团队合作，有可能将以前非常异构的陶器分析方法标准化（例如术语，类型学）。此外，在亚历山大的法国合作伙伴建立了一个供应充足的陶瓷实验室，一方面可以进行岩相分析，另一方面可以处理埃及目前唯一可用的便携式X射线荧光分析仪形式的考古分析仪器。最后，有可能开发一个复杂的数据库，其中大部分在亚历山大和Schedia发现的陶器已被输入。在此基础上，德法项目现在希望为埃及陶器的调查做出国际有效的贡献。

Pottery is traditionally one of the main fossil guides in archaeological research. Recently, however, it has been experiencing increasing attention. The reason for this is to be found especially in the multiplicity of domains in which ceramic finds can make a contribution: alongside its central function as the basis for dating excavation contexts and its many possibilities of contributing to socio-cultural investigations (e.g. in everyday life), its great potential as the material basis for posing questions in economic history has come to the fore in recent years. The current state of research for the Hellenistic and Roman period is, however, very heterogeneous. While for many regions of the Graeco-Roman world detailed and fixed chronotypologies have been developed and investigations on questions of economic history exist for some, research on Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt is largely at the beginning. On numerous excavations detailed documentation is carried out, but the interregional exchange of data is lacking so far, as are a unified terminology and chronotypology. The lack of archaeometric analyses of provenience of the pottery produced in Egypt itself is especially felt. It is precisely on these bases that reliable investigations of the production, distribution and consumption of pottery in Egypt can be carried out. The project proposed here is designed to confront this deficit, with three research axes. In Axis A ancient pottery production centers in Egypt are to be visited in cooperation with numerous external partners and local productions to be documented according to unified standards and investigated archaeometrically. In Research Axis B a manual of Ptolemaic and Roman pottery in Egypt will be developed according to certain criteria. In Axis C statistical analyses are to be carried out on the basis of selected contexts in certain chronological horizons in order to follow general questions of economic history. The project proposed can build upon extensive preparatory work and infrastructural measures that were created in the framework of the ANR-DFG project Ceramalex (2011-mid 2014). Starting from the excavation sites in Alexandria, Schedia and Marea of those proposing the project, it was possible through intensive teamwork to standardize the previously very heterogeneous approaches to the analysis of pottery (e.g. terminology, typology). Furthermore, a well supplied ceramic laboratory was built up at the French partner in Alexandria, which allows petrographical analyses on the one hand and on the other disposes of the only instrument currently available in Egypt for archaeometrical analyses in the form of a portable X-ray fluorescence analyser. Finally, it was possible to develop a complex database, in which a large part of the pottery found at Alexandria and Schedia has been entered. On this basis, the German-French project would now like to make an internationally effective contribution to the investigation of pottery in Egypt.