The social, organizational and technological context of pottery production in mid-3rd millennium Southern Mesopotamia

第三个千年中美索不达米亚南部陶器生产的社会、组织和技术背景

• 批准号: 2630619
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2630619
• 关键词: social; organizational; technological; context; pottery

The transition from the Early Dynastic III to the Akkadian period (ca. 2450-2250 BC) in southern Mesopotamia wasa period of great social and political change which saw a shift from land being controlled by independent city-statesto territory being unified under a central administration. The transformation of the social organization led to a morecomplex administrative structure, where the authorities of the individual centres were no longer independent butacted on behalf of the ruler [4]. Raw materials and specialized craft production became highly centralized, withspecialists working under the elites' control. Administrative and economic texts [6] reveal much detail aboutspecific crafts, such as textile and metal working, including production output, worker numbers, internalorganization, and affiliation with political institutions. In contrast, little information is available for potters andceramic manufacture [6].The Early Dynastic III/Akkadian pottery production has received little scholarly attention and it is assumed that potswere wheel-made, standardized and mass produced, all traits typically associated with a state-organized society[3]. The first evidence of potter's wheels goes back to the 5th millennium BC, and they seem well established in themid-3rd millennium BC. However, recent studies have highlighted that the manufacturing process was much morecomplex, involving wheel-made, handmade and hybrid techniques, thus inviting a reassessment of the potteryproduction and questioning the assumed regulatory relationship between potters and the state. The proposed PhDaims to clarify the role, organization, and performance of potters within a centralized economic system and theirinteraction with the institutions. To achieve this, my research will reconstruct the pottery manufacturing processthrough the study of the material culture from select southern Mesopotamian sites.The main site to be investigated is Abu Tbeirah located 7 km south of Nasiriyah in southern Iraq that has revealedstrata from both periods and has been excavated to high modern standards. The excavations led by La SapienzaUniversity unearthed a large settlement of 42 ha that was occupied by the Early Dynastic III/Akkadian period with acontinuation in the Ur III and Old Babylonian period (ca. 2112 - 1763 BC). Information about Early DynasticIII/Akkadian pottery comes from Areas 1 and 4, in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the site, wherearticulated buildings, graves and traces of different activities (fireplaces, hearts) were found. Preliminary analysisshowed, in contrast with traditional assumptions, a limited use of the wheel. One of the PhD's broader aims is toestablish whether this represents merely a local characteristic or whether it might reflect the production contextsalso at other Mesopotamian sites.The interdisciplinary approach that will be used combines macroscopic, scientific analyses and experimentalarchaeology to gain a contextual understanding of pottery production.

从第三王朝早期到阿卡得王朝时期的过渡（约公元前200年）。在美索不达米亚南部，公元前2450-2250年（公元前2450-2250年）是一个巨大的社会和政治变革时期，从独立的城邦控制的土地到中央政府统一的领土。社会组织的转变导致了一个更加复杂的行政结构，各个中心的权威不再独立，而是代表统治者行事[4]。原材料和专业工艺生产变得高度集中，专家在精英的控制下工作。行政和经济文本[6]揭示了许多关于特定工艺的细节，如纺织和金属加工，包括产量，工人数量，内部组织以及与政治机构的联系。相比之下，关于陶工和陶瓷制造的信息很少[6]。早期王朝III/阿卡得陶器生产很少受到学术界的关注，人们认为陶罐是轮制的，标准化的和大规模生产的，所有这些特征通常与国家组织的社会有关[3]。陶工车轮的第一个证据可以追溯到公元前5th千年，他们似乎在公元前3 th千年中期建立。然而，最近的研究强调，制造过程要复杂得多，涉及轮制，手工和混合技术，因此邀请重新评估陶器生产和质疑陶工和国家之间的假定监管关系。拟议中的博士学位旨在澄清的作用，组织和表现的陶工在一个集中的经济体系和theirinteraction与机构。为了实现这一目标，我的研究将通过对南部美索不达米亚遗址的物质文化的研究来重建陶器的制造过程。要调查的主要遗址是位于伊拉克南部纳西里耶以南7公里处的阿布·特贝尔拉，该遗址已经揭示了两个时期的地层，并已被挖掘到高现代标准。由La SapienzaUniversity领导的挖掘工作出土了一个42公顷的大型定居点，该定居点由早期王朝III/阿卡得时期占据，并在乌尔III和旧巴比伦时期（约100年）继续存在。公元前2112 - 1763年）。关于第三王朝早期/阿卡德陶器的信息来自遗址东北部和东南部的第一区和第四区，在那里发现了铰接式建筑、坟墓和各种活动的痕迹（壁炉、心脏）。与传统假设相反，初步分析显示，轮子的使用有限。博士的一个更广泛的目标是确定这是否仅仅代表了当地的特点，或者它是否可能反映了其他美索不达米亚遗址的生产背景。将使用的跨学科方法结合宏观，科学分析和实验考古学，以获得对陶器生产的背景理解。