Mindanao Eddy, Halmahera Eddy: Variability of West Pacific Warm Pool and Indonesian Throughflow (inflow passages and main gateway)

我们提出了两个新的卡利普索取心目标，以研究Halmahera和Mindanao涡旋在控制北太平洋和南太平洋水域流入印尼贯穿流(ITF)主要通道中的相对作用。ITF的主要进水口靠近热带太平洋锋面，热带太平洋锋面将北太平洋和南太平洋起源的水团分开，具有不同的温度、营养和盐度特性。这一锋相对于流入通道(向北的棉兰老岛通道和向南的Halmahera通道)的位置变化导致了重大的水文变化，这在很大程度上改变了印度洋和太平洋在晚更新世期间的古海洋学和气候作用。然而，到目前为止，这些变化的幅度和频率实际上仍然不得而知。我们的主要目标将是：(1)比较两条主要流入途径(Halmahera和棉兰老岛通道)的水文概况，编制北太平洋温跃层水和南太平洋中层水的同位素和地球化学性质的替代记录，这是冰川流的两个主要组成部分；(2)重建几个冰川周期内的海表面温度(SST)、盐度(SSS)、营养物质、出口生产和底层流；(3)监测晚更新世期间不同时间尺度(亚千年至轨道)上ITF流入的变化；以及(4)检验关于冰川期间穿透流量大幅减少的模拟预测。

We propose two new Calypso coring targets to investigate the relative role of the Halmahera and Mindanao eddies in controlling the influx of North and South Pacific waters into the main passage of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). The main ITF inlets are close to the tropical Pacific front that divides water masses of North Pacific and South Pacific origin with different temperature, nutrient and salinity properties. Changes in the position of this front in relation to the inflow passages (Mindanao passage to the North and Halmahera passage to the South) led to major hydrographic changes, which substantially modified the paleoceanography and climatic role of the Indian and Pacific Oceans during the late Pleistocene. Until now, however, the magnitude and frequency of these changes remain virtually unknown. Our main objectives will be (1) to compare the hydrographic profiles of the two main inflow paths (Halmahera and Mindanao Passages) and to develop proxy records for the isotopic and geochemical characteristics of North Pacific thermocline water and South Pacific intermediate water, which form the two main components of the ITF (2) to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), nutrients, export production and bottom currents within the gateway over several glacial cycles; (3) to monitor the variability of the ITF inflow on various timescales (sub-millennial to orbital) during the late Pleistocene and (4) to test modeling predictions of a strongly reduced throughflow during glacials.