Hydrogen detection with ChemCam on Mars: studies towards calibration and quantitative analysis with LIBS

美国航天局火星科学实验室（MSL）的火星车Curtain包括ChemCam仪器，以提供火星表面的元素分析，第一个激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）仪器曾经用于行星使命。LIBS是一种发射光谱技术，可以快速进行多元素分析。LIBS的主要优点之一是它能够检测氢等轻元素，这可能表明水的存在，这是可居住性的关键标准，这也是MSL使命的主要目标。在所要求的DFG项目的框架内，以及在另外两年的延长使命中，我们希望利用最新的ChemCam数据专注于氢探测。重点将是从细颗粒和粗颗粒土壤和无所不在的水合灰尘以及选定的岩石类型和盐，如硫酸盐，这将是在山脚下遇到的氢检测。点整打计划利用在图卢兹重复设置的ChemCam进行实验室研究，以便通过应用多变量分析技术对火星数据中的氢信号进行校准和定量评估。位于图卢兹的东道机构与法国政府空间机构法国国家空间研究中心（CNES）一起开发了ChemCam激光望远镜，该望远镜安装在MSL桅杆的上部。与FIMOC（法国仪器火星操作中心）一起，他们积极参与正在进行的操作。

The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity includes the ChemCam instrument to provide elemental analysis of the martian surface, with the first Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument ever used on a planetary mission. LIBS is an emission spectroscopy technique and permits rapid multi-elemental analysis. One of the main advantages of LIBS is its ability to detect light elements such as hydrogen, which may indicate the presence of water, a key criterion for habitability, which is also addressed in the primary objectives of the MSL mission. Within the framework of the requested DFG project and the for two additional years extended mission we want to focus on hydrogen detection with the latest ChemCam data. Focus will be on hydrogen detection from fine and coarse-grained soils and the omnipresent hydrated dust as well as from selected rock types and salts, such as sulfates, which will be encountered at the foothills of Mt. Sharp. Laboratory studies with the replicate ChemCam set-up in Toulouse are planned to work towards a calibration and quantitative assessment of the hydrogen signal in the Mars data by applying multivariate analysis techniques. Together with the French government space agency CNES (Centre national d'études spatiales), the host institution in Toulouse has developed the laser-telescope of ChemCam, which is attached to the upper part of MSL's mast. With the FIMOC (French Instrument Mars Operation Centre) they are actively involved in the ongoing operations.