The Separation of Powers Doctrine and the Power of Participation: Citizen's Influence in Delegated Rule-Making in the United States, the European Union and Germany

权力分立原则与参与权：公民在美国、欧盟和德国授权规则制定中的影响力

• 批准号: 267028657
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Dominik Steiger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Jean Monnet Center for International and Regional Economic Law and Justice
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/267028657?language=en
• 关键词: Separation; Powers; Doctrine; Power; Participation

Participation is a powerful tool which influences the exercise of public authority within all branches of government. Calls for more citizens' involvement in the exercise of public authority are increasingly heard around the world. Whereas the United States possesses an impressive record of citizen's participation, this is quite different with regard to the European Union and Germany. However, in the latter two legal orders participation has been punctually enhanced in the last years. This process of developing further participation opportunities has just commenced.In order to analyze the theoretical foundations of participation, the envisaged study on "The Separation of Powers Doctrine and the Power of Participation: Citizen's Influence in Delegated Rule-Making in the United States, the European Union and Germany" aims at developing a model of participation in the exercise of public authority, i.e. with regard to all three branches of government. This model is required for answering two important questions: firstly, who shall participate in the exercise of public authority and secondly, with which legal effect shall participation take place.As these questions cannot be answered by participation itself, an understanding of the separation of powers doctrine as the organizational principle balancing collective self-determination and individual self-determination shall be utilized in order to conceptualize participation. This seems appropriate as the separation of powers doctrine as well as participation are concerned with the protection of individual rights, (partaking in) collective decision-making and the efficiency of public authority.In order to assess the practical impact and benefit of the model, participation in the executive's delegated rulemaking procedures in the United States, the European Union and Germany will be analyzed. In this respect, it will be examined whether and how the far more advanced participation provisions with regard to rulemaking in the United States can be utilized to enhance participation in the European Union and Germany.Besides its comparative law approach it uses a holistic approach which has not been applied as of yet. Although participation and direct democracy are being much discussed in academia for a number of years now - especially since the mass protests against Stuttgart 21 which started in 2010 - the discussion is limited to considering only one branch of government: On the one hand the discussion revolves around participation with regard to the legislature, on the other hand it is being analyzed how participation could be integrated into the executive branch. Yet, by concentrating on only one branch of government, the participation discussion fails to understand the underlying mechanisms of participation. Quite to the contrary, this study will follow a new approach taking into account all three branches of government. In short, I plan to develop a much needed comprehensive theory of participation

参与是影响政府各部门行使公共权力的有力工具。在世界各地，越来越多的人呼吁公民更多地参与公共权力的行使。尽管美国在公民参与方面有着令人印象深刻的记录，但欧盟和德国的情况却截然不同。然而，在后两个法律秩序中，参与度在过去几年中得到了及时的加强。这一发展进一步参与机会的过程才刚刚开始。为了分析参与的理论基础，设想中的“三权分立原则和参与权：美国、欧盟和德国公民在授权规则制定中的影响”研究旨在发展一种参与公共权力行使的模式，即涉及政府的所有三个部门。这个模式是回答两个重要问题所必需的：第一，谁应该参与公共权力的行使；第二，参与的法律效力是什么。由于这些问题不是参与本身就能回答的，因此应该利用作为平衡集体自决和个人自决的组织原则的三权分立原则来理解参与的概念。这似乎是恰当的，因为三权分立原则和参与都与保护个人权利、(参与)集体决策和公共权力的效率有关。为了评估这一模式的实际影响和好处，将分析美国、欧盟和德国对行政机关授权规则制定程序的参与。在这方面，将审查是否以及如何利用美国在规则制定方面更先进的参与规定来加强对欧洲联盟和德国的参与。除了比较法方法外，它还使用了迄今尚未采用的整体方法。尽管多年来学术界一直在讨论参与和直接民主--特别是自2010年开始针对斯图加特21世纪的大规模抗议活动以来--但讨论仅限于考虑政府的一个部门：一方面，讨论围绕立法机构的参与，另一方面，正在分析如何将参与纳入行政部门。然而，由于只关注政府的一个部门，参与讨论未能理解参与的基本机制。相反，这项研究将采用一种新的方法，考虑到政府的所有三个部门。简而言之，我计划发展一个亟需的全面参与理论。