Bed and bath. Objects and spaces of therapeutic acting in psychiatry of the 19th and 20th century. An outline of a material history of psychiatry

在世纪初，当卧床休息和长时间的沐浴治疗被引入时，床和沐浴成为临床精神病院和精神病院治疗行为的关键对象。它们成了名副其实的药物。病人应该躺在床上或洗澡几个星期或几个月才能治愈。这些治疗方法需要重建精神病设施，它们可以被解释为试图与医院保持一致，在医院中这两个概念已经得到证明，它们应该使科学研究能够建立一个以科学为导向的精神病学，基于对患者的监测。由作为认识和治疗对象的床和浴发展起来的精神空间，面临着病人通过将他们的活动减少到床和浴而体验到的空间。在这些治疗方法的基础上，该项目要求床和浴室作为精神科日常工作中的对象和空间的多层次功能和占用方式，以及这些概念在精神病学话语中的意义。床和浴室被认为是交叉点，在那里思考和行动的方式碰撞，凝聚和转移。Universitäts-Irrenklinik Heidelberg的来源（患者记录，行政文件等），其监视病房和长时间洗澡治疗设施影响了其他收容所，被认为是行为学分析的支柱。分析集中在1890年至1940年期间，当治疗的概念被开发，引入和分离。以卧床休息和长时间洗澡治疗为例，该项目旨在通过利用对象的认识价值，概述一个面向文化研究的精神病学物质史。

At the beginning of the 20th century bed and bath became pivotal objects of therapeutic acting in clinical psychiatries and asylums when bed rest and prolonged bath treatment were introduced. They became medicaments in the proper meaning of the word. Patients should be cured by lying in bed or in bath for weeks and months. These methods of treatment required a rebuilding of psychiatric facilities, they can be interpreted as an attempt to align with hospitals, where both concepts were already proved, and they should enable scientific research to establish a science-oriented psychiatry, based on the surveillance of patients. The psychiatric space that was developed by bed and bath as medical objects as epistemic and therapeutic, is confronted with the space that the patients experienced by the reduction of their activities to bed and bath. On the basis of these treatment methods the project asks for the multilayered functions and ways of appropriation of bed and bath as object and space in the daily routine of psychiatries and for the significance of these concepts in the psychiatric discourse. Bed and bath are conceived as points of intersection, where ways of thinking and acting collide, condense and shift. The sources of the Universitäts-Irrenklinik Heidelberg (patient records, administrative files etc.), whose surveillance wards and facilities for prolonged bath treatment influenced other asylums, are conceived as mainstay of the praxeological analysis. The analysis concentrates on the period between 1890 and 1940, when the concepts of treatment were developed, introduced and detached. Using the example of bed rest and prolonged bath treatment the project aims to outline a cultural studies oriented material history of psychiatry by making use of the epistemic value of objects.