Bed and bath. Objects and spaces of therapeutic acting in psychiatry of the 19th and 20th century. An outline of a material history of psychiatry

在20世纪初，当卧床休息和长时间洗澡治疗被引入时，床和浴室成为临床精神病学和精神病院治疗行为的关键对象。它们变成了名副其实的药物。病人应躺在床上或洗澡数周或数月才能治愈。这些治疗方法需要重建精神病设施，它们可以被解释为试图与医院保持一致，因为医院已经证明了这两种概念，它们应该使科学研究能够在对病人的监测基础上建立以科学为导向的精神病学。精神病学空间是由床和浴室发展而来的，作为认知和治疗的医疗对象，面对着病人通过减少他们的活动来体验床和浴室的空间。在这些治疗方法的基础上，该项目要求在精神科的日常生活中，床和浴室作为对象和空间的多层次功能和挪用方式，以及这些概念在精神病学话语中的意义。床和浴室被认为是思想和行为方式碰撞、凝聚和转变的交叉点。Universitäts-Irrenklinik海德堡精神病院的资料来源（病人记录、行政档案等），其监护病房和长期沐浴治疗设施影响了其他精神病院，被认为是行为学分析的主要内容。分析集中在1890年至1940年这段时间，在这段时间里，治疗的概念被发展、引入和分离。以卧床休息和长时间沐浴治疗为例，该项目旨在通过利用对象的认知价值，概述以精神病学物质历史为导向的文化研究。

At the beginning of the 20th century bed and bath became pivotal objects of therapeutic acting in clinical psychiatries and asylums when bed rest and prolonged bath treatment were introduced. They became medicaments in the proper meaning of the word. Patients should be cured by lying in bed or in bath for weeks and months. These methods of treatment required a rebuilding of psychiatric facilities, they can be interpreted as an attempt to align with hospitals, where both concepts were already proved, and they should enable scientific research to establish a science-oriented psychiatry, based on the surveillance of patients. The psychiatric space that was developed by bed and bath as medical objects as epistemic and therapeutic, is confronted with the space that the patients experienced by the reduction of their activities to bed and bath. On the basis of these treatment methods the project asks for the multilayered functions and ways of appropriation of bed and bath as object and space in the daily routine of psychiatries and for the significance of these concepts in the psychiatric discourse. Bed and bath are conceived as points of intersection, where ways of thinking and acting collide, condense and shift. The sources of the Universitäts-Irrenklinik Heidelberg (patient records, administrative files etc.), whose surveillance wards and facilities for prolonged bath treatment influenced other asylums, are conceived as mainstay of the praxeological analysis. The analysis concentrates on the period between 1890 and 1940, when the concepts of treatment were developed, introduced and detached. Using the example of bed rest and prolonged bath treatment the project aims to outline a cultural studies oriented material history of psychiatry by making use of the epistemic value of objects.