Bed and bath. Objects and spaces of therapeutic acting in psychiatry of the 19th and 20th century. An outline of a material history of psychiatry

在20世纪初，随着卧床休息和长时间沐浴疗法的引入，床和浴成为临床精神病学和精神病院治疗的关键对象。它们变成了这个词的正确含义的药物。病人应该躺在床上或沐浴几周或几个月来治愈。这些治疗方法需要重建精神科设施，它们可以被解释为试图与医院结盟，在医院，这两个概念都已经得到证实，它们应该使科学研究能够在监测患者的基础上建立以科学为导向的精神病学。由床浴作为认识和治疗的医疗对象而形成的精神空间，面对的是患者通过减少活动而体验到的床浴空间。在这些治疗方法的基础上，该项目提出了床位和浴缸作为精神病学日常工作中的客体和空间的多层次功能和占有方式，以及这些概念在精神病学话语中的意义。床和浴被认为是交叉点，思维方式和行为方式在这里碰撞、浓缩和转移。伊伦克利尼克-海德堡大学的来源(病人记录、行政档案等)，其监测病房和延长沐浴治疗的设施影响了其他精神病院，被认为是行为学分析的支柱。分析集中在1890年至1940年之间，在这一时期，治疗的概念得到了发展、引入和分离。该项目以卧床休息和长时间洗澡治疗为例，旨在通过利用物品的认识价值，勾勒出一部面向精神病学材料历史的文化研究。

At the beginning of the 20th century bed and bath became pivotal objects of therapeutic acting in clinical psychiatries and asylums when bed rest and prolonged bath treatment were introduced. They became medicaments in the proper meaning of the word. Patients should be cured by lying in bed or in bath for weeks and months. These methods of treatment required a rebuilding of psychiatric facilities, they can be interpreted as an attempt to align with hospitals, where both concepts were already proved, and they should enable scientific research to establish a science-oriented psychiatry, based on the surveillance of patients. The psychiatric space that was developed by bed and bath as medical objects as epistemic and therapeutic, is confronted with the space that the patients experienced by the reduction of their activities to bed and bath. On the basis of these treatment methods the project asks for the multilayered functions and ways of appropriation of bed and bath as object and space in the daily routine of psychiatries and for the significance of these concepts in the psychiatric discourse. Bed and bath are conceived as points of intersection, where ways of thinking and acting collide, condense and shift. The sources of the Universitäts-Irrenklinik Heidelberg (patient records, administrative files etc.), whose surveillance wards and facilities for prolonged bath treatment influenced other asylums, are conceived as mainstay of the praxeological analysis. The analysis concentrates on the period between 1890 and 1940, when the concepts of treatment were developed, introduced and detached. Using the example of bed rest and prolonged bath treatment the project aims to outline a cultural studies oriented material history of psychiatry by making use of the epistemic value of objects.