Psychopathy. Application and significance of the psychiatric concept of personality disorders in clinicians and experts practice (1918-1969)

目的是通过从不同的角度探讨精神病的概念，分析和阐述精神病这一医学术语在临床医生和专家实践中的应用范围和意义。第一次世界大战后，在汉堡弗里德里希斯堡国家医院的精神病患者记录中可以观察到精神病诊断的显著增加。我们将从汉堡的魏玛共和国和赖希的记录中选取具体年份，分析在处理这一概念时所采用的手段，以及这一术语的发展及其功能。重点特别放在知识生产（记录、书面专业意见、出版物）上。除了研究的制度层面（弗里德里希斯堡），这一方面尤其应该在与实践直接相关的第二个层面上加以考察，即以精神病学家阿尔布雷希特·朗格鲁德克（Albrecht Langelüddeke，1889-1977）为例。朗格鲁德克1918 - 1935年首次在弗里德里希斯堡工作，后来成为马尔堡/L州健康中心主任。他记录了大量的专家报告。他的职业生涯详细阐述了几十年来精神病学家使用的术语“精神病”的发展。1945年后，朗格鲁德克斯作为精神病学官方专家的突出地位将该项目的主题范围扩展到了20世纪60年代末，即直到1969年所谓的阉割法通过。

The goal is to analyse and elaborate on the scope of application and the meaning of the medical term psychopathy in the clinicians and experts practice by approaching this psychiatric concept from different perspectives. A significant increase of psychopathy diagnoses can be observed after the First World War in the psychiatric patient records of the Hamburg Staatskrankenanstalt Friedrichsberg. Using specifically selected years taken from the Hamburg records of the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, analyses shall be carried out on the means employed in dealing with this concept as well as on the development of the term and its functions. The focus is particularly on knowledge production (records, written professional opinions, publications). In addition to the institutional level of the investigation (Friedrichsberg), this aspect especially should be examined at a second level directly related to practice, namely using the example of the psychiatrist Albrecht Langelüddeke (1889-1977) who first worked at Friedrichsberg between 1918 and 1935 and later became director of the Landesheilanstalt Marburg /L. He documented an extraordinarily high number of expert reports. His career exemplifies in detail the development of the term psychopathy as used by an individual psychiatrist over several decades. Langelüddekes prominent position as an official expert on psychiatry after 1945 extends the thematic dimension of the project to the late 1960s, i.e. until the so-called castration law was passed in 1969.