Metacognition in text comprehension. Does disfluency lead to more accurate judgments, better control, and higher performance?

文本理解中的元认知。

• 批准号: 268189691
• 负责人: Dr. Christoph Mengelkamp
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Instruktionspsychologie und Neue Medien
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/268189691?language=en
• 关键词: Metacognition; text; comprehension.; Does; disfluency

Metacognition is defined as thinking about one´s own thinking (Flavell, 1979) and plays an important role in text comprehension. Metacognitive monitoring and control are two important components of metacognition that affect each other. Monitoring is defined as "subjective assessment of one´s own cognitive processes and knowledge, whereas control refers to the processes that regulate cognitive processes and behavior" (Koriat, Maayan, & Nussinson, 2006, p. 38; Mengelkamp & Bannert, 2012). Many theories of metacognition emphasize the importance of monitoring and control (e.g. Nelson & Narens, 1990; Zimmerman, 1990). Thereby often a sequential structure is implied (Koriat, 2012): monitoring affects control and control affects performance. However, monitoring and control are interactive (Efklides, Kourkoulou, Mitsiou & Ziliaskopoulou, 2006, Mengelkamp & Bannert, 2010; Koriat, 2012): monitoring affects control (monitoring-based control), but also is affected by control (control-based monitoring). Yet, there are only few studies that investigate the interaction of monitoring, control and performance. But understanding this interaction is important to deduce interventions to foster performance (de Bruin & van Gog, 2012). Therefore the aim of the planed study is to investigate the interplay between monitoring, control and performance. Disfluency seems to be one way to affect control and monitoring. Support comes from the cue utilization approach (Koriat, 1997) in which fluency or respectively ease of processing is mentioned as a cue for judgments. If students learn with a disfluent text that is hard to read, they may judge it as difficult to learn (ease of learning judgment). Further this text may require more effort and deeper processing (control) which can be measured using eye-tracking (e.g. longer fixations, more fixations and shorter saccades, see Rayner, Reichle, Stroud, Williams & Pollatsek, 2006). Because of higher effort for disfluent texts students may predict lower performance (judgment of learning). Studies (e.g. Dunlosky & Metcalfe, 2009, Pieger, Mengelkamp & Bannert, subm.) show that students are often overconfident when predicting their own performance and therefore disfluency should reduce this overconfidence and lead to more accurate control-based monitoring. When rereading the text this more accurate monitoring should lead to adequate monitoring-based control which can be measured by eye-tracking. As a result the performance in a knowledge test should increase. The planned experimental study investigates these questions using different font types to manipulate the fluency.

元认知被定义为思考自己的想法（Flavell，1979），在文本理解中发挥着重要作用。元认知监测和控制是元认知中相互影响的两个重要组成部分。监控被定义为“对自己的认知过程和知识的主观评估，而控制是指调节认知过程和行为的过程”（Koriat、Maayan 和 Nussinson，2006 年，第 38 页；Mengelkamp 和 Bannert，2012 年）。许多元认知理论都强调监视和控制的重要性（例如 Nelson & Narens，1990；Zimmerman，1990）。因此，通常隐含着一个顺序结构（Koriat，2012）：监控影响控制，控制影响性能。然而，监测和控制是互动的（Efklides, Kourkoulou, Mitsiou & Ziliaskopoulou, 2006, Mengelkamp & Bannert, 2010; Koriat, 2012）：监测影响控制（基于监测的控制），但也受到控制的影响（基于控制的监测）。然而，很少有研究调查监测、控制和绩效之间的相互作用。但理解这种相互作用对于推断促进绩效的干预措施非常重要（de Bruin & van Gog，2012）。因此，计划研究的目的是调查监测、控制和绩效之间的相互作用。不流畅似乎是影响控制和监控的一种方式。支持来自提示利用方法（Koriat，1997），其中提到流畅性或处理的容易程度作为判断的提示。如果学生学习难以阅读的不连贯文本，他们可能会认为它难以学习（学习难易度判断）。此外，本文可能需要更多的努力和更深入的处理（控制），这可以使用眼动追踪来测量（例如更长的注视、更多的注视和更短的扫视，参见 Rayner、Reichle、Stroud、Williams 和 Pollat​​sek，2006）。由于对不流利的文本付出的努力较多，学生可能会预测成绩较低（学习判断）。研究（例如 Dunlosky & Metcalfe，2009，Pieger、Mengelkamp & Bannert，subm.）表明，学生在预测自己的表现时往往过于自信，因此不流畅应该减少这种过度自信，并导致更准确的基于控制的监控。当重读文本时，这种更准确的监控应该会导致充分的基于监控的控制，可以通过眼动追踪来测量。因此，知识测试的表现应该会提高。计划中的实验研究使用不同的字体类型来控制流畅度来调查这些问题。