Symbiosis or not: the interplay of massive black holes and their host galaxies

共生与否：大质量黑洞与其宿主星系的相互作用

• 批准号: 269816975
• 负责人: Dr. Davor Krajnovic, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/269816975?language=en
• 关键词: Symbiosis; interplay; massive; black; holes

The aim of this project is to unravel the importance of various pathways of growth of massive black holes and their host galaxies. This will be done by determining the masses of massive black holes in nearby galaxies, describing the motion of stars via dynamical models and interpreting these through scenarios of massive black hole and galaxy formation. Massive black holes are thought to have played a major role in shaping galaxies and intergalactic matter. This is evident from the empirical scaling relations between the masses of massive black holes and the global properties of host galaxies, such as their mass or luminosity. The correlation is very tight with a small scatter, but we do not understand why, nor if the massive black holes and their host galaxies grow symbiotically or one component dominates in their evolution. The consequence of the observing difficulties is that the scaling relations are still poorly known, black hole masses are typically derived in only some types of galaxies and the black hole growth processes are not even constrained in galaxies for which black hole masses exist. This project provides the state-of-art observation with adaptive optics integral-field spectroscopy in order to derive a significant number of measurements of black hole masses (~20% increase to the total number of measurements), over a range of galaxy properties. In particular, this will be achieved by measuring the motions of stars and using it to constrain dynamical models. The dynamical models will provide the black hole masses and the detailed information on the types of stellar orbits. The methods applied will test the robustness of the black hole mass determinations with respect to the assumptions on the dark matter content of galaxies, with a potential for becoming the standard in the field. The sample is selected to probe the gaps in the scaling correlations, and to investigate the scenarios describing the growth of massive black holes. In a symbiotic growth scenario, massive black holes grow through merging of progenitor black holes, while in the other they grow by accretion of gas. The two scenarios leave different imprints on the orbits of stars in the central regions of galaxies: the merger scenario predicts a deficit of orbits which come close to the massive black holes, as those stars are ejected from the nucleus. With most of the necessary tools and all data already in hand, it will be possible to determined the black hole masses, characterise the motion of stars in the vicinity of massive black holes and distinguish between competing scenarios.

该项目的目的是揭示大质量黑洞及其宿主星系生长的各种途径的重要性。这将通过确定附近星系中大质量黑洞的质量，通过动力学模型描述恒星的运动，并通过大质量黑洞和星系形成的场景来解释这些。大质量黑洞被认为在塑造星系和星系际物质方面发挥了重要作用。这一点从大质量黑洞的质量与宿主星系的整体性质（如质量或光度）之间的经验标度关系中可以明显看出。这种相关性非常紧密，有一个小的散射，但我们不明白为什么，也不知道大质量黑洞和它们的宿主星系是否共生生长，或者其中一个成分在它们的演化中占主导地位。观测困难的后果是，标度关系仍然知之甚少，黑洞质量通常只在某些类型的星系中导出，黑洞生长过程甚至不受黑洞质量存在的星系的约束。该项目提供了最先进的自适应光学积分场光谱观测，以获得大量的黑洞质量测量结果（测量总数增加约20%），在一系列星系属性。特别是，这将通过测量恒星的运动并将其用于约束动力学模型来实现。动力学模型将提供黑洞质量和恒星轨道类型的详细信息。所采用的方法将测试黑洞质量测定相对于星系暗物质含量假设的稳健性，有可能成为该领域的标准。选择样本来探测标度相关中的缺口，并研究描述大质量黑洞生长的场景。在共生增长的情况下，大质量黑洞通过合并祖先黑洞而增长，而在另一种情况下，它们通过吸积气体而增长。这两种方案在星系中心区域的恒星轨道上留下了不同的印记：合并方案预测了接近大质量黑洞的轨道的缺陷，因为这些恒星被从核中弹出。随着大多数必要的工具和所有数据的掌握，将有可能确定黑洞质量，确定大质量黑洞附近恒星的运动，并区分竞争场景。

项目成果

A low upper-mass limit for the central black hole in the late-type galaxy NGC 4414

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629480
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Astronomy and Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: S. Thater;D. Krajnovi'c;M. Bourne;M. Cappellari;T. Zeeuw;E. Emsellem;J. Magorrian;R. McDermid;M. Sarzi;G. Ven

Two channels of supermassive black hole growth as seen on the galaxies mass–size plane

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx2704
• 发表时间: 2017-07
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: D. Krajnovi'c;M. Cappellari;R. McDermid

Six new supermassive black hole mass determinations from adaptive-optics assisted SINFONI observations

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834808
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: S. Thater;D. Krajnović;M. Cappellari;T. Davis;P. T. de Zeeuw;R. McDermid;M. Sarzi