Olympia (Greece) as a multi-dimensional space – a landscape archaeology approach to structure, interdependency and change of spatial networks

在奥林匹亚圣地进行研究有着悠久的传统。尽管如此，其在区域环境中的整合还没有得到充分的研究。因此，启动了一个系统的景观考古项目(2015年至2018年)。一个独特的方面是，形成该地区中心的是避难所，而不是城市。与其他调查相比，这一特点是否对区域格局产生了任何影响还有待于检验。奥林匹亚附近先前研究的最新进展导致首次描述了聚落结构，可视化了极端神圣的景观和(古)环境的巨大变化。对这些结果的详细评估，神话和一般历史的关联，以及澄清基本的古环境问题是该项目继续阶段(2019-2022年)的主要问题。这项研究旨在捕捉由于自然、社会政治、经济和文化条件而导致的奥林匹亚周围地区的结构、动态和多样性。这使得能够在区域和超区域范围内记录和评估不同时期的聚落模式及其变化。此外，调查结果与文学传统的比较将提高对社会政治组织、文化史和精神、神话和宗教空间观的认识水平。这可以用来生成神话和祭祀地形图的时间顺序。通过考古实物分析、考古考证和地质考古研究相结合的方法，系统地研究了奥林匹亚周围可利用的资源。保护区内当地资源的利用也将为祭祀环境中的邪教生态提供领导。保护区及其周围环境发展的一个重要因素是“水”的存在。在这方面，地质考古的重点将是阿尔菲奥斯河，特别是在项目第一阶段发现的“奥林匹亚湖”。对于保护区内和风景的发展，这个湖被认为是最重要的。此外，将阐明保护区本身以及发现可能的河港的阿尔菲奥斯下游盆地的地下水和地表水的作用。所获得的结果将与保护区的开发进行比较，以确定邪教场所与农村环境之间的关系及其对文化历史景观的意义。项目目标的复杂性和对研究区域的不同视角要求采取多方法分析战略。这种复杂性通过参与学科的核心：考古学、古代史和地质考古学反映出来，这些学科遵循综合的跨学科研究方法。

The research at the sanctuary of Olympia has a long tradition. In spite of this, its integration within the regional environment has not yet been fully researched. Therefore, a systematic landscape archaeology project was initiated (2015 to 2018). A unique aspect is that a sanctuary, rather than a city, forms the centre of the region. Whether this peculiarity had any influence on the regional configuration has to be examined in comparison with other surveys.The update on previous research in the vicinity of Olympia resulted in the first characterization of settlement structures, the visualization of an extremely sacralyzed landscape and immense changes of the (palaeo-)environment.The detailed evaluation of these results, the correlation of the mythistory and general history as well as clarifying essential paleoenvironmental questions represent main issues of the continuation phase of the project (2019-2022).This research aims to capture the structure, dynamics and diversity of the surrounding area of Olympia due to natural, socio-political, economic and cultural conditions. This enables the recording and evaluation of the settlement patterns in different periods, as well as their changes, on a regional and supra-regional scale.In addition, the comparison of survey results with literary tradition will increase the level of knowledge about the socio-political organization, cultural history and mental, mythical and religious view on space. This can be used to generate a chronological order of mythological and sacral-memorial topographies. The resources available in the surrounding of Olympia are systematically studied through combined analysis of archaeological objects, textual evidence and geoarchaeological studies. The use of local resources within the sanctuary itself will also provide lead on cult ecology in the sacral environment.One important element for the development of the sanctuary and its environs is the presence of 'water'. In this respect, the geoarchaeological focus will be on the Alpheios River, and especially on the "Lake of Olympia", discovered during the first phase of the project. For the development of the sanctuary within and with the landscape, this lake is considered to be of outmost importance. Furthermore, the role of groundwater and surface water will be clarified for the sanctuary itself as well as for the lower Alpheios basin where a possible river port was discovered.The acquired results will be compared with the development of the sanctuary in order to determine the relationship between the cult place and rural surroundings as well as its significance for the cultural-historical landscape.The complexity of the project goals and different perspectives on the study area require a multi-methodological analytical strategy. This complexity is reflected through the core of participating disciplines: archeology, ancient history and geoarchaeology, which follow an integrative interdisciplinary research approach.