GRK 412: Classicism and Romanticism in the European Context. The Aesthetic Invention of Modernity in Literature, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Culture of Every-Day Life

“古典主义”和“浪漫主义”的美学概念在欧洲文艺中以不同的民族表现形式和在不同的历史时期出现。到目前为止，文学和美学批评倾向于将这些现象分析为相互孤立的。此外，“古典主义”和“浪漫主义”通常被视为根本不同且相互竞争的概念。然而，研究培训小组将这两种审美运动视为在危机和变化时期作为功能模型发展起来的互补系统，以保护和维护国家和欧洲的身份。这两个体系都被理解为现代性的表现，作为对现代化主旨的反应，它们不是以孤立的方式对待美学概念，而是嵌入与心理史和科学史相关的背景中。我们试图确定“古典主义-浪漫主义情结”的功能和历史地位，将重点放在1750年至1830年之间的关键阶段--“Sattelzeit”。然而，早期的前形象，如17和18世纪法国、意大利或英国的美学概念，以及后来的形式，如1900年左右的新古典主义和新浪漫主义，以及后现代主义，也将被考虑在内。我们将在文学领域中寻找特定的国家星座，并研究这些星座被调解和发展的过程。同时，各种艺术形式之间的相互关系，文学、音乐、美术和建筑，将是一个值得讨论的问题。最后，我们将考察美学话语在其各种表现形式中对日常文化现象的影响，关于什么是“经典”或“浪漫”的主导观念如何影响行为规范以及它们如何塑造日常生活模式的问题。

The aesthetic concepts of 'classicism' and 'romanticism' appeared in European literature and art in various national manifestations and at different points in history. Literary and aesthetic criticism have so far tended to analyse these phenomena as isolated from one another. Furthermore, 'classicism' and 'romanticism' are generally seen as fundamentally divergent and competing concepts. The research training group, however, regards these two aesthetic movements as complementary systems developed as functional models in times of crisis and change in order to protect and preserve national and European identities. Both systems are understood as manifestations of modernity, as reactions to the thrust of modernisation, treating aesthetic concepts not in an isolated fashion but embedded in contexts pertaining to the history of mentality and the history of science. Our attempts to establish the function and historical place of the 'classicism-romanticism complex' will focus on the crucial phase, the 'Sattelzeit', between 1750 and 1830. However, earlier pre-figurations, such as 17th and 18th century aesthetic concepts in France, Italy or England, and later forms like neo-classicism and neo-romanticism around 1900 as well as in postmodernism, will also be taken into account. We will seek out the specific national constellations within the literary field and examine the processes by which these are mediated and developed. At the same time, interrelations between various art forms, literature, music, the fine arts, and architecture, will be an issue for discussion. Finally, the aesthetic discourse in its various manifestations will be examined as to its bearings on phenomena of every-day culture, on the question of how dominant notions of what is 'classic' or 'romantic' influence norms of behaviour and how they work to shape patterns of daily life.