Self-organized versus externally controlled task scheduling when facing multiple cognitive task requirements

面对多种认知任务需求时，自组织任务调度与外部控制任务调度

• 批准号: 274705590
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Andrea Kiesel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Psychology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274705590?language=en
• 关键词: Self; organized; versus; externally; controlled

In many multitasking situations, we can ourselves decide in which order we schedule the tasks that have to be performed. In this project, we compare conditions in which participants themselves organize how to cope with multiple cognitive task requirements with conditions in which task organization is externally controlled and thus task scheduling is pre-determined. In addition, we investigate the interplay of task decisions and task performance in variants of the voluntary task switching (VTS) paradigm to scrutinized flexibility in multitasking. In the first part of the project, we advanced three lines of research. First, we showed that participants who themselves organize task order profit from the possibility to see the alternative tasks while performing a task – indicated by smaller or even reversed costs when switching tasks. Yet, task organization also came across with costs, because participants indicated overall more effort in self-organized compared to externally controlled task switching. Second, we evolved a novel variant of the VTS paradigm, the self-organized task switching paradigm. With this paradigm, we were able to show that participants chose task order depending on the performance costs related to task switches compared to task repetitions. Third, we demonstrated that participants flexibly chose task order when either switch costs or task difficulty varied. The objectives for the second period of the proposed project are based on these findings that participants adapt switching behavior according to switch costs. In the second part of the project, we aim to focus on five research topics. First, we aim to optimize our self-organized task switching paradigm. Second, we want to identify manipulations that support flexible adaptation. Third, we plan a collaboration project to examine inter-individual differences in flexible adaptation across multitasking paradigms. Forth, we aim to elaborate on the mechanisms that enable participants to choose task order in relation to task performance. In detail, we ask whether the ability to adapt task choice to optimize performance relates to the ability to perceive time. And fifth, we want to investigate whether participants adapt their task choices to difficulties regarding perceptual and motor performance. This project specifically contributes to the priority program’s flexibility perspective. Regarding perspectives and objectives (Table 1 of the coordination proposal), this project is focused on the objective (2) Cognitive control and intentional set. The project also contributes to the flexibility perspective, objective (1) Basic mechanisms of capacity sharing and parallel processing of independent tasks and objective (3) Situational influence of multitask performance, and it contributes to objectives from the plasticity perspective: (3) Expertise and automatization and (4) Organizational measures and interventions improving multitask performance.

在许多多任务处理的情况下，我们可以自己决定我们安排必须执行的任务的顺序。在这个项目中，我们比较的条件下，参与者自己组织如何科普多个认知任务的要求，任务组织的条件是外部控制，从而任务调度是预先确定的。此外，我们调查的相互作用的任务决策和任务性能的变体的自愿任务切换（VTS）范式，以审查灵活性多任务。在项目的第一部分，我们提出了三条研究路线。首先，我们发现，参与者自己组织任务顺序的利润的可能性，看到替代任务，而执行任务-由较小的，甚至反向切换任务时的成本表示。然而，任务组织也遇到了成本，因为参与者表示，整体上更多的努力，在自组织相比，外部控制的任务切换。其次，我们发展了一种新的VTS范式，自组织任务切换范式。有了这个范例，我们能够表明，参与者选择任务顺序取决于性能成本相关的任务切换相比，任务重复。第三，我们证明了参与者灵活地选择任务顺序时，无论是切换成本或任务难度变化。拟议项目第二阶段的目标是基于这些研究结果，即参与者根据转换成本调整转换行为。在项目的第二部分，我们的目标是集中在五个研究课题。首先，我们的目标是优化我们的自组织任务切换范式。第二，我们希望确定支持灵活适应的操作。第三，我们计划一个合作项目，以检查跨多任务范式灵活适应的个体间差异。第四，我们的目标是详细说明的机制，使参与者选择任务顺序与任务绩效。详细地说，我们问的能力，以适应任务的选择，以优化性能与感知时间的能力。第五，我们想调查参与者是否会根据知觉和运动表现的困难来调整他们的任务选择。该项目特别有助于优先项目的灵活性。关于观点和目标（协调提案表1），本项目的重点是目标（2）认知控制和意向集。该项目还有助于灵活性的角度来看，目标（1）能力共享和独立任务的并行处理的基本机制和目标（3）多任务性能的情境影响，并有助于从可塑性的角度来看目标：（3）专业知识和自动化和（4）组织措施和干预措施，提高多任务性能。