Training-induced plasticity of multitasking in everyday-like motor behavior

训练诱导的日常运动行为中多任务处理的可塑性

• 批准号: 274923447
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Otmar Bock
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Sportwissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274923447?language=en
• 关键词: Training; induced; plasticity; multitasking; everyday

Many activities of daily life involve sensorimotor and cognitive multitasking. Often-cited examples are driving a car, preparing a formal meal, controlling industrial machinery and crossing a street in busy traffic. Multitask performance, however, declines with increasing age, which might cause problems for everyday life in the context of an aging society. These diverging trends call for training programs that build upon the known training-induced plasticity of multitasking in tasks requiring sensorimotor performance. It is still not clear how training regimes need to be designed to effectively and efficiently improve multitask performance in everyday life. Theorists have proposed that executive functions might contribute towards multitasking, particularly in old age, and that training of executive functions therefore might positively influence multitask performance. Thus, we aim to investigate whether and which executive functions contribute to everyday-like multitasking and whether this contribution differs between young and older adults. Further we will investigate whether training interventions that strengthen certain executive functions might gain beneficial and transferable effect on multitasking in ecologically valid contexts. We propose three complementary work packages (WPs). WP1 will evaluate the role of executive functions for multitasking in young versus older adults, WP2 will explore the neuronal correlates of this contribution, and WP3 will address the training-induced plasticity of multitasking in older persons. Since laboratory paradigms do not necessarily transfer to real life, we will explore multitasking in realistic situations. As training benefits have been shown to be task-specific, we will use two widely different realistic sensorimotor multitasks: car driving and street crossing. Our findings will contribute towards theoretical concepts of multitasking, and open up an avenue for preventive measures against age-related decay.

日常生活中的许多活动都涉及感觉运动和认知多任务。经常被引用的例子是开车，准备正式的饭菜，控制工业机械，在繁忙的交通中过马路。然而，随着年龄的增长，多项任务的表现会下降，这可能会给老龄化社会背景下的日常生活带来问题。这些不同的趋势要求训练计划建立在已知的训练诱导的多任务处理的可塑性的基础上，在需要感觉运动表现的任务中。目前尚不清楚如何设计培训制度，以有效和高效地提高日常生活中的多项任务绩效。理论家提出，执行功能可能有助于多任务处理，特别是在老年，因此执行功能的培训可能会对多任务表现产生积极影响。因此，我们的目标是调查执行功能是否以及哪些执行功能有助于日常多任务处理，以及这种贡献在年轻人和老年人之间是否有所不同。此外，我们将调查强化某些执行功能的训练干预是否可能在生态有效的背景下对多任务处理获得有益和可转移的效果。我们提出了三个互补的工作方案(WPS)。WP1将评估执行功能在年轻人与老年人中多任务处理中的作用，WP2将探索这一贡献的神经元相关性，WP3将解决老年人多任务处理的训练诱导可塑性。由于实验室范例不一定会转移到现实生活中，我们将探索现实情况下的多任务处理。由于培训的好处已经被证明是特定于任务的，我们将使用两种截然不同的现实感应器运动多任务：汽车驾驶和过马路。我们的发现将有助于多任务处理的理论概念，并为预防与年龄相关的衰老开辟了一条途径。