Synthesis and inline processing of nanoparticles

这一分项目的重点是以知识为基础有针对性地以复合和核壳系统的形式构建纳米粒子和纳米粒子集合。应利用气相合成的可能性，将结构特性与材料特性相结合，以创造新材料。这个子项目研究合成无机材料的可能性，通过不同物质的结构和组合，使其具有新的性能。重点是能够通过高温和温度梯度生产球形、非聚集纳米颗粒，并在下游工艺步骤中直接在气相中对其进行处理的工艺。这是为了直接覆盖初级颗粒和集料，并应用于“保存”颗粒特性，以及使进一步的结构。基本的工具是温度-时间分布的变化和材料在反应区的停留时间。这项工作得到了TP9(Kempf)的流体力学计算和对前驱体(TP1，Schulz|Fikri|Somnitz)均相和非均相分解动力学的研究的支持。该项目的基础是利用先前工作中获得的知识来合成硅、铁和氧化铁纳米材料。其目的是通过直接在线加工，从这些材料中制造出形态和成分可调的更大的三维结构。由此产生的知识和结构设计规则将用于支持工艺技术和TP6(SchNurre|Wiggers)中试工厂反应堆的运行。除了加工和结构化，还将调查复合材料和核壳结构等材料组合的生产。其目的是使表面既具有与嵌入颗粒的特定性质有关的功能，又具有与进一步的内联结构有关的功能。例如，熔点低于颗粒核心的表面层可以支持进一步的结构，而不会影响核心属性。除了预期的聚合物涂层外，玻璃成型器也是合适的，它不是通过扩散过程而是通过粘性流动来烧结的。这些调查是在与TP5(克鲁斯)密切合作下进行的。研究详细过程的一个重要前提是操作合成设备，以便能够在时间和空间上记录颗粒的形成、生长和涂层，这是与TP7(Dreier|Schulz)密切合作完成的。

The targeted, knowledge-based structuring of nanoparticles and nanoparticle ensembles in the form of composite and core-shell systems is the focus of this subproject. The possibilities of gas-phase synthesis shall be used to combine structural properties with material properties to create novel materials. This subproject investigates possibilities for the synthesis of inorganic materials, which – by structuring and combination of different substances – enable new properties. The focus is on processes that are capable of producing spherical, non-aggregated nanoparticles through high temperatures and temperature gradients and further process them directly in the gas phase in a downstream process step. This is intended to directly coat primary particles as well as aggregates and shall be used to "conserve" particle properties as well as to enable further structuring. Essential tools are the variation of the temperature-time profile and the residence time of the materials in the reaction zone. This work is supported by fluid dynamics calculations from TP9 (Kempf) and by investigations of the homogeneous and heterogeneous decomposition kinetics of precursors (TP1, Schulz|Fikri|Somnitz).The basis of the project is the use of knowledge already gained in previous work for the synthesis of silicon, iron and iron oxide nanomaterials. The aim is to produce larger, three-dimensional structures from these materials with adjustable morphology and composition by direct inline processing. The resulting knowledge and design rules for structuring will be used to support the process technology and the operation of the pilot plant reactors in TP6 (Schnurre|Wiggers). In addition to processing and structuring, the production of material combinations such as composites and core-shell structures will also be investigated. The aim is that the surface assumes both, a function with respect to the specific properties of the embedded particles and with respect to the further inline structuring. For example, surface layers with a lower melting point than the particle cores can support further structuring without affecting the core properties. Besides the intended coating with polymers, glass formers are also suitable, which sinter not by diffusion processes but by viscous flow. These investigations are done in close cooperation with the TP5 (Kruis). An important prerequisite for the investigation of the detailed processes is to operate the synthesis equipment in such a way that particle formation, growth and coating can be recorded in time and in space, which is done in close cooperation with TP7 (Dreier|Schulz).