'Experiences of Modernity' and Psychiatry: Global Histories in the 19th and 20th Centuries

该项目将调查19世纪和20世纪欧洲与全球南方地区在人类学、心理学和精神病学知识领域就现代化概念进行的全球谈判。它将分析关于热带和亚热带地区的所谓原始人可能会通过现代化经历受到创伤和精神疾病这一概念的论述和实践。它还将审查历史观念，即根据这一事实，人们可以得出关于欧洲精神文明的结论-疾病及其治疗。该项目由三个分项目组成：第一，关于上述背景的专著，分析1850年至1980年期间非洲和欧洲之间的纠缠历史(1a)。这本书的第一部分将研究欧洲人类学家、传教士、殖民和发展专家、医生和非洲参与者在话语方面的连续性或变化。第二部分将分析精神病学话语和实践的全球流通：重点将放在东非和西非的三家所谓的改革性精神病医院上，这三家医院成立于1900年左右，与欧洲伙伴机构进行了密切的交流。第三部分是对这种交流的全球影响的调查，并将表明非洲--在关于现代化和精神疾病的研究意义上--也是一个活的实验室(海伦·蒂利)。第二个分项目是一个讲习班，其侧重点比超越欧洲和非洲的专著(1b)更广。第三个子项目是在研讨会(1c)的基础上出版的文章卷。总之，这个项目旨在为全球精神病学话语和实践的纠缠历史做出重大贡献，参考当代对现代性影响的反思。在现有研究的基础上，该项目将重点关注19世纪和20世纪热带和亚热带地区的准人道主义、改革-精神病学方法，以及所有参与其中的人的看法和经历--只要有可能。它还将对人类学和精神病学知识的全球流通和翻译进行调查。这些项目不仅打算展示现代性的规范性定义在整个调查期间如何受到质疑、当地谈判和多元化，而且还打算说明突出的陈规定型观念、种族分化、社会包容和排斥以及最后但并非最不重要的身体和精神暴力如何在这些进程中发挥重要作用。

The project will investigate global negotiations of concepts of modernization in anthropological, psychological and psychiatric fields of knowledge between Europe and areas of the Global South in the 19th and 20th centuries. It will analyze the discourses and practices regarding the notion that so-called primitive people in tropical and sub-tropical world regions could become traumatized and mentally ill through experiences of modernization. It will also examine the historical notions that, based on this fact, one could draw conclusions on European psychiatric civilization-sicknesses and their therapies. The project consists of three sub-projects: Firstly, a monograph regarding the aforementioned context, analyzes the history of entanglement between Africa and Europe between 1850 and 1980 (1a). The first part of the book will research the continuities or changes in discourses on the side of European anthropologists, missionaries, colonial and development experts, physicians and African participants. The second part will analyze the global circulation of psychiatric discourses and practices: The focus will lie on three so-called reformative psychiatric hospitals in East- and West-Africa, which were founded around 1900 and engaged in close exchange with European partner institutions. The third part is an inquiry into the global effects of this exchange and will show that Africa was - also in the sense of research about modernization and psychiatric illness - a living laboratory (Helen Tilley). The second sub-project is a workshop with a broader focus than the monograph that goes beyond Europe and Africa (1b). The third sub-project is a published volume of articles based on this workshop (1c).Altogether, this project intends to provide a significant contribution to the global history of the entanglement of psychiatric discourses and practices, referring to contemporary reflections on the effects of modernity. Expanding upon existing research, the project will focus on quasi-humanitarian, reform-psychiatric approaches in tropical and subtropical areas in the 19th and 20th centuries as well as on the perceptions and experiences of all people involved - whenever possible. It will also be an inquiry into the global circulation and translation of anthropological and psychiatric knowledge. The projects intends to show not only how normative definitions of modernity underwent questioning, local negotiation and pluralization throughout the time period under investigation, but also how prominent stereotypes, racial othering, social inclusion and exclusion and, last but not least, physical and psychic violence play important roles in these processes.