'Experiences of Modernity' and Psychiatry: Global Histories in the 19th and 20th Centuries

“现代性的经验”与精神病学：19 世纪和 20 世纪的全球历史

• 批准号: 277238776
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Hubertus Büschel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277238776?language=en
• 关键词: Experiences; Modernity; Psychiatry; Global; Histories

The project will investigate global negotiations of concepts of modernization in anthropological, psychological and psychiatric fields of knowledge between Europe and areas of the Global South in the 19th and 20th centuries. It will analyze the discourses and practices regarding the notion that so-called primitive people in tropical and sub-tropical world regions could become traumatized and mentally ill through experiences of modernization. It will also examine the historical notions that, based on this fact, one could draw conclusions on European psychiatric civilization-sicknesses and their therapies. The project consists of three sub-projects: Firstly, a monograph regarding the aforementioned context, analyzes the history of entanglement between Africa and Europe between 1850 and 1980 (1a). The first part of the book will research the continuities or changes in discourses on the side of European anthropologists, missionaries, colonial and development experts, physicians and African participants. The second part will analyze the global circulation of psychiatric discourses and practices: The focus will lie on three so-called reformative psychiatric hospitals in East- and West-Africa, which were founded around 1900 and engaged in close exchange with European partner institutions. The third part is an inquiry into the global effects of this exchange and will show that Africa was - also in the sense of research about modernization and psychiatric illness - a living laboratory (Helen Tilley). The second sub-project is a workshop with a broader focus than the monograph that goes beyond Europe and Africa (1b). The third sub-project is a published volume of articles based on this workshop (1c).Altogether, this project intends to provide a significant contribution to the global history of the entanglement of psychiatric discourses and practices, referring to contemporary reflections on the effects of modernity. Expanding upon existing research, the project will focus on quasi-humanitarian, reform-psychiatric approaches in tropical and subtropical areas in the 19th and 20th centuries as well as on the perceptions and experiences of all people involved - whenever possible. It will also be an inquiry into the global circulation and translation of anthropological and psychiatric knowledge. The projects intends to show not only how normative definitions of modernity underwent questioning, local negotiation and pluralization throughout the time period under investigation, but also how prominent stereotypes, racial othering, social inclusion and exclusion and, last but not least, physical and psychic violence play important roles in these processes.

该项目将调查19世纪和20世纪欧洲和全球南方地区之间在人类学，心理学和精神病学知识领域的现代化概念的全球谈判。它将分析关于热带和亚热带世界地区所谓的原始人可能通过现代化的经历而受到创伤和精神疾病的概念的话语和实践。它还将检查历史的概念，基于这一事实，人们可以得出结论，欧洲精神文明的疾病和他们的治疗。该项目由三个分项目组成：第一，关于上述背景的专著，分析1850年至1980年非洲和欧洲之间的纠葛历史（1a）。本书的第一部分将研究欧洲人类学家，传教士，殖民和发展专家，医生和非洲参与者方面的话语的连续性或变化。第二部分将分析精神病学话语和实践的全球传播：重点将放在东非和西非的三家所谓的改革精神病院上，这些医院成立于1900年左右，并与欧洲合作机构密切交流。第三部分是对这种交流的全球影响的探究，并将表明非洲--也是在现代化和精神疾病研究的意义上--是一个活的实验室（海伦蒂利）。第二个分项目是一个讲习班，其重点比欧洲和非洲以外的专著更广泛（1b）。第三个子项目是基于该研讨会的文章出版集（1c）。总而言之，该项目旨在为精神病学话语和实践的纠缠的全球历史做出重大贡献，涉及现代性影响的当代反思。在现有研究的基础上，该项目将重点关注19世纪和20世纪热带和亚热带地区的准人道主义、改革精神病学方法，以及所有相关人员的看法和经验。这也将是对人类学和精神病学知识的全球传播和翻译的调查。这些项目不仅旨在表明，在整个调查期间，现代性的规范性定义如何受到质疑、地方谈判和多元化，而且还表明，突出的陈规定型观念、种族差异、社会包容和排斥，以及最后但并非最不重要的身体和精神暴力如何在这些过程中发挥重要作用。