Negotiating the Modernity Crisis: Globalization, economic gain and the loss of traditional and sustainable food practices in Turkey

应对现代性危机：全球化、经济收益以及土耳其传统和可持续食品做法的丧失

• 批准号: AH/V000454/1
• 负责人: Erica Rowan
• 金额: $ 23.77万
• 依托单位: Royal Holloway University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FV000454%2F1
• 关键词: Negotiating; Modernity; Crisis; Globalization; economic

A globalized food system, seemingly of international benefit, poses many hidden dangers, particularly for developing countries. A desire within LMICs to modernize and enter the global economy has resulted in the loss of local and traditional foodways, instead replaced by imported and processed items. However, these traditional practices are our best hope for a secure, sustainable and nutritious food supply as they are healthier and more climate-friendly than the purchased alternative. Turkey, as a LMIC, faces two major challenges. The first is avoiding a slide into a fully globalized food system whereby traditional food practices are eliminated. Increasing urbanization and a neoliberal attitude to agriculture has already significantly altered food acquisition and consumption practices. Unhealthy western fast food outlets are an ever-increasing sight. In Turkey women are the crux of the home; food processing and cooking belong almost exclusively to the female realm. The second challenge is to negotiate an ongoing struggle with modernity, namely finding a solution to the desire to continue to practice traditional foodways yet simultaneously modernize, a struggle particularly pertinent for women as they increasingly enter the work force.The project, a collaboration between Royal Holloway (UK) and Koç University (Turkey), tackles key components of the UN's SDGs 5 (gender equality), 11 (sustainable communities) and 12 (responsible production and consumption). The project aims to articulate and find solutions to Turkey's challenges by studying the dynamics of sustainable foodways in the province of Manisa, and especially the agency of women, through an exploration of ancient and traditional diet and processing practices. As archaeologists, we leverage the legacies of food, bringing a deep knowledge of the past into the present. Using archaeobotanical (ancient plant) data from the two archaeological sites of Kaymakçi and Sardis we explore the way people continuously produced food in this region for over 4000 years. Here practices of the past may provide a pathway towards a more sustainable future; there are valuable lessons to be learned from the way people negotiated massive cultural, religious and climatic changes. Training and education in archaeobotanical research aims to enhance this under represented discipline within Turkish archaeology and provide new employment opportunities, especially for women. We also seek to understand more broadly how contemporary communities have shifted their practices given the challenges faced by Turkey's current LMIC status. In collaborative and capacity building workshops with members of rural and urban Manisa communities, we will engage in two-way conversations. Participants will cook traditional foods and discuss their own experiences and solutions to the struggle with modernity while we will discuss our archaeobotanical findings with the aim of linking past and present landscapes. The outcomes of our research will be disseminated through traditional academic methods and a range of public-facing activities. Our archaeobotanical findings, in peer-reviewed articles and available on open access databases will make a significant contribution to Turkish archaeobotanical research and ancient foodways more broadly. We will unite our archaeological work with the workshop data to create a free exhibition in Istanbul and a cookbook (hardcopy and free PDF download). Visitor surveys will create an engagement feedback loop, allowing visitors to articulate their own experiences of a changing foodscape. With Manisa and Istanbul as case studies, we hope to expand upon our results to aid Turkey and other LMICs find the necessary medium between sustainability, food security and globalization.

一个全球化的粮食体系，看似对国际有利，却带来了许多隐患，尤其是对发展中国家而言。中低收入国家实现现代化和融入全球经济的愿望导致了当地和传统食品方式的丧失，取而代之的是进口和加工食品。然而，这些传统做法是我们获得安全、可持续和有营养的食物供应的最大希望，因为它们比购买的替代品更健康、更环保。作为中低收入国家，土耳其面临着两大挑战。首先是避免滑向一个完全全球化的粮食系统，从而消除传统的粮食做法。日益增长的城市化和对农业的新自由主义态度已经显著地改变了食物的获取和消费方式。不健康的西式快餐店越来越多。在土耳其，女性是家庭的核心；食品加工和烹饪几乎完全属于女性领域。第二个挑战是与现代性进行持续的斗争，即寻找一种解决方案，既能继续实践传统的饮食方式，又能同时实现现代化，随着越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场，这一斗争与她们尤其相关。该项目由皇家霍洛威学院（英国）和Koç大学（土耳其）合作，解决了联合国可持续发展目标5（性别平等）、11（可持续社区）和12（负责任的生产和消费）的关键组成部分。该项目旨在通过探索古老和传统的饮食和加工实践，研究马尼萨省可持续食物方式的动态，特别是妇女机构，阐明并找到应对土耳其挑战的解决方案。作为考古学家，我们利用食物的遗产，将过去的深刻知识带入现在。利用来自kaymaki和Sardis两个考古遗址的考古植物（古代植物）数据，我们探索了4000多年来人们在该地区持续生产食物的方式。在这方面，过去的做法可能提供一条通往更可持续未来的途径；我们可以从人们应对大规模文化、宗教和气候变化的方式中学到宝贵的经验。考古植物学研究方面的培训和教育旨在加强土耳其考古学中代表性不足的学科，并提供新的就业机会，特别是为妇女提供就业机会。我们还试图更广泛地了解当代社区如何在土耳其当前低收入和中等收入国家地位所面临的挑战下改变他们的做法。在与马尼萨农村和城市社区成员的合作和能力建设研讨会上，我们将进行双向对话。参与者将烹饪传统食物，并讨论他们自己的经验和与现代性斗争的解决方案，而我们将讨论我们的考古发现，目的是将过去和现在的景观联系起来。我们的研究成果将通过传统的学术方法和一系列面向公众的活动进行传播。我们的考古植物学发现，在同行评议的文章和可在开放获取数据库将作出重大贡献，土耳其考古植物学研究和古代饮食方式更广泛。我们将把我们的考古工作与工作坊的数据结合起来，在伊斯坦布尔创建一个免费的展览和一本烹饪书（硬拷贝和免费的PDF下载）。游客调查将创建一个参与反馈循环，允许游客表达他们自己对不断变化的美食景观的体验。以马尼萨和伊斯坦布尔为例，我们希望扩大我们的研究成果，以帮助土耳其和其他中低收入国家在可持续性、粮食安全和全球化之间找到必要的媒介。