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Victim Participation in International Criminal Trials. Participation and Recognition of Victims before International Criminal Courts and Tribunals

受害人参与国际刑事审判。

基本信息

批准号：
277338681
负责人：
Professor Dr. Christoph Safferling
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forschungsstelle Völkerstrafrecht
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277338681?language=en
关键词：
Victim Participation International Criminal Trials.

项目摘要

The participation of victims of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression in international criminal trials has received growing attention since the foundation of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The participation of victims challenges the classical-liberal concept of criminal procedure and the recognition of the rights of the accused in criminal trials. Likewise the question of which victim qualifies to participate in the prosecution of individual perpetrators bears considerable difficulties and poses the danger of producing injustices on the side of victims and victims¿ groups by a highly selective process. The ICC and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia furthermore foresee a specific procedure to compensate the victims.The research project first addresses the definition of the victim of international crimes and looks into the criteria relevant for the admission to participate in the criminal trial. The question is, how the fact that only individuals can be prosecuted and the fact that the selection of the accused is a often a political process, can be balanced against the interests of the masses of victims in cases of international crimes. The linking of victim participation with the accused person and the charges brought against this individual leads to the exclusion of a considerable number of victims. Those victims who cannot prove to have been harmed by the accused in the very situation, he has been charged for, will not be invited to participate in the procedure. The research project will address possibilities to widen the definition of the victim and thus propose a more collective approach in order to include more harmed persons on the side of the victims.The project will secondly question the implementation of the participation of victims in the criminal trial itself. The separate stages of the criminal process will be scrutinized to identify those parts of the trial, in which participation of the victim actually make sense. Furthermore the structure of the process will be discussed and which influence victim participation has thereon. A comparative approach is necessary in this regard. Even if the ICC-Statute created an autonomous procedural order in an international compromise, the most influential traditions of criminal procedure, namely the Anglo-American and the Continental European approach, need to be looked at in detail and how they relate to the participation of victims in the criminal process.Thirdly, issue will be taken with compensation of victims for the harm suffered. As before the question of inclusion and exclusion of victims¿ groups need to be looked at and how this is effectuated by the linking of the compensation issue with the criminal trial. The few cases in which the international courts addressed compensation will be analysed. Alternative models of compensation, like the establishing of a foundation or the usage of civil litigation will be discussed.

自国际刑事法院（国际刑院）成立以来，种族灭绝罪、危害人类罪、战争罪和侵略罪受害者参与国际刑事审判的问题日益受到关注。受害者的参与对刑事诉讼的古典自由主义概念和对刑事审判中被告权利的承认提出了挑战。同样，关于哪些受害者有资格参与起诉个人犯罪者的问题也存在相当大的困难，并有可能通过高度选择性的程序对受害者和受害者群体造成不公正。此外，国际刑事法院和柬埔寨法院特别法庭还规定了赔偿受害者的具体程序，研究项目首先讨论国际罪行受害者的定义，并探讨获准参加刑事审判的相关标准。问题是，在国际罪行案件中，只能起诉个人，而且挑选被告往往是一个政治过程，如何在这一事实与广大受害者的利益之间取得平衡。将受害人的参与与被告人和对此人提出的指控联系起来，导致相当多的受害人被排除在外。那些不能证明在被告被指控的情况下受到被告伤害的受害者将不会被邀请参加诉讼。该研究项目将探讨扩大受害者定义的可能性，从而提出一种更具集体性的办法，以便将更多的受害者纳入受害者一方，该项目将探讨受害者参与刑事审判本身的实施问题。将仔细审查刑事诉讼的各个阶段，以确定受害者参与审判的那些部分实际上是有意义的。此外，还将讨论这一进程的结构，以及受害者的参与对这一进程的影响。在这方面，需要采取比较办法。即使《国际刑事法院规约》在国际妥协中建立了一个自主的程序秩序，也需要详细研究最有影响力的刑事诉讼传统，即英美和欧洲大陆的做法，以及它们与受害者参与刑事诉讼的关系。与以前一样，需要研究将受害者群体包括在内和排除在外的问题，以及如何通过将赔偿问题与刑事审判联系起来来实现这一点。将对国际法院处理赔偿问题的少数几个案件进行分析。此外，还将讨论其他赔偿模式，如设立基金会或利用民事诉讼。