Analysis of the different regulation levels and mechanisms of the nectar composition

花蜜是由许多被子植物花产生的，以促进传粉者访问介导的杂交。糖占花蜜总溶质的最大份额，但它也含有各种氨基酸，无机离子和其他化合物。个别花蜜的组成和浓度因物种而异，尽管在较小程度上，物种内。这些差异可能有各种原因。首先，花蜜是授粉综合征的一部分，其成分可能代表了对传粉者偏好的假定适应。其次，系统或系统发育关系可能会产生影响。第三，气候因素或内部生理过程，包括蜜腺的代谢，可能会影响不同植物种类的组成，上一个项目阶段的结果表明，传粉者对花蜜中特定化合物的影响要比分类归属或环境因素大得多。显然，糖成分明显受授粉类型的影响，而氨基酸和无机离子成分的分类组和其他几个因素的影响，分别。本项目的第一个目标是更详细地确定氨基酸和离子组成和浓度的关键影响因素。花花蜜和模式科凤梨科的蜜腺将进行分析和相关性的系统关系，环境条件，植物形态特征，蜜腺生理将计算。环境因素也可以影响花蜜的组成和初步的研究表明，干旱有最大的影响。改变的成分反过来又会影响植物-传粉者的相互作用。由于气候变化，干旱可能会越来越多地发生，分析其对花蜜成分的影响越来越重要。因此，该项目的第二个目的是提高对不同凤梨科植物在干旱时期花蜜组成变化的认识。花蜜是在花蜜中产生和分泌的，其物种特异性的不同代谢也可能导致花蜜组成的差异。因此，该项目的第三个目标是澄清这种对花蜜成分的影响。目前花蜜分泌的工作模型的基础主要是真双子叶植物的研究结果，花蜜化合物的代谢和分泌途径尚未完全了解。这特别适用于单子叶植物或具有特殊授粉类型的物种。花蜜生产机制在物种间的保守程度特别令人感兴趣，也正在研究中。花蜜成分受不同因素的影响。为了了解这一重要生物过程的关键影响和调控机制，有必要进行全面分析。

Floral nectar is produced by many angiosperm flowers to promote crossing mediated by pollinator visits. Sugars account for the largest share of the total nectar solutes, but it also contains a variety of amino acids, inorganic ions, and other compounds. The composition and concentration of individual nectars varies between species and, albeit to a lesser extent, within species. These differences can have various reasons. Firstly, the floral nectar is part of the pollination syndrome, and its composition may represent putative adaptations to the pollinator’s preferences. Secondly, systematic or phylogenetic relationships may have an impact. Thirdly, climatic factors or internal physiological processes, including the metabolism in the nectaries, may affect the composition in different plant species.Results of the previous project phase show that the pollinator has a much higher influence on specific compounds of the nectar than taxonomic affiliations or environmental factors. Apparently, the sugar composition is clearly influenced by the pollination type, whereas the amino acid and inorganic ion compositions are more influenced by the taxonomic group and several other factors, respectively. The present project’s first aim is to determine the crucial influencing factors on the amino acid and ion composition and concentration in nectars in more detail. Floral nectar and nectaries of the model family Bromeliaceae will be analyzed and correlations with systematic relationships, environmental conditions, morphological plant characteristics, and nectary physiology will be calculated.Environmental factors can also influence the nectar composition and initial studies showed that drought had the largest effect. The changed composition in turn can have an impact on the plant-pollinator interactions. As droughts may increasingly occur due to climate changes, analyses of their influence on nectar composition are of growing importance. Therefore, the project’s second aim is to improve the understanding of changes in nectar composition during drought periods in different bromeliad species.Nectar is produced and secreted in nectaries, the species-specific different metabolisms of which may also cause differences in nectar composition. Therefore, the project’s third aim is to clarify this influence on the nectar composition. The basis for the current working model for nectar secretion are primarily results from studies on eudicots, and the pathways of the metabolism and secretion of nectar compounds are not yet completely understood. This particularly applies to monocots or species with special pollination types. The extent to which the mechanisms of nectar production are conserved across species is of particular interest and is also being researched here. The nectar composition is influenced by different factors. To gain understanding of the key influencing and regulatory mechanisms of this essential biological process, comprehensive analyses are necessary.