How Spouses Influence Each Other's Health in Same- and Different-Sex Marriages: A Dyadic and Longitudinal Assessment from Mid to Later Life

摘要 几十年的人口研究表明，已婚的美国人比已婚的美国人更健康，寿命更长。 未婚同龄人之间的关系，以及配偶如何影响彼此的健康方面存在性别差异。直到 然而，最近这项研究完全是基于男女之间的婚姻。2015年，与NIA 支持（R21 AG 0445850），我们收集了二元数据，对婚姻过程进行了首次深入分析 比较同性婚姻和异性婚姻中合法结婚的中年配偶的健康状况。研究结果 强调了同性和不同性别的妇女和男子在与健康有关的婚姻动态方面的差异 工会这些动态可能会影响配偶双方的长期健康，但由于缺乏纵向和 二元数据，科学家们对它们是如何做到这一点知之甚少。这个项目的主要目标是构建一个小说， 纵向，二元数据集，以比较同性和异性已婚伴侣如何影响对方的 健康行为和身心健康从中期到后期的生活。在2015年，我们收集了关于 关系动态，关系和健康史，以及配偶双方的多种健康结果（年龄 35-65）在合法结婚的同性和异性婚姻（N=838个人，419对; 124同性男性 171对同性伴侣; 124对异性伴侣）。我们还收集了10天的每日日记数据 评估伴侣动态、压力暴露、健康行为和心理及 身体症状。我们提出了时间2和时间3纵向随访：（1）推进科学 了解影响女性长期健康轨迹的关系动态如何变化 同性婚姻和异性婚姻中的男性;（2）阐明与健康相关的日常经历模式 婚姻动态在8年内的3次变化以及这些动态对女性和男性的变化 在同性婚姻和异性婚姻中;以及（3）将每日日记和调查数据联系起来，以考虑短期内 关系进程的波动影响多种健康结果的长期变化。根据结果 从2015年的基线调查和日记数据来看，我们预计随着时间的推移，女性和男性在相同和不同的 性婚姻将形成独特的风险模式（例如，损害健康的行为，压力和痛苦 传输）和弹性（例如，情绪支持、情感支持、情绪调节），这些因素会影响健康。许多 关于婚姻动态对健康的累积效应以及这些累积效应如何影响健康的最重要问题， 随着配偶年龄的增长，动态变化需要纵向数据--目前还不存在同性恋的数据 夫妻。通过NIA R21 AG 044585收集的新的横截面二元数据提供了一个独特的 有机会对老年同性和异性已婚夫妇进行纵向数据收集。分析 这些数据将提供有关婚姻动态与健康之间关系的循证知识， 配偶的年龄以及这些过程对同性婚姻和异性婚姻中的妇女和男子有何不同。

Abstract Decades of population research show that married Americans are in better health and live longer than their unmarried peers and that there are gender differences in how spouses influence each other’s health. Until recently, however, this research was entirely based on marriages between women and men. In 2015, with NIA support (R21 AG0445850), we collected dyadic data to conduct the first in-depth analysis of marital processes and health comparing legally married midlife spouses in same-sex and different-sex marriages. Findings have highlighted differences in health-related marital dynamics for women and men in same- and different-sex unions. These dynamics likely impact both spouses’ long-term health, but due to a lack of longitudinal and dyadic data, scientists know little about how they do so. The major goal of this project is to construct a novel, longitudinal, dyadic data set to compare how same-sex and different-sex married partners influence each other’s health behaviors and mental and physical health from mid- to later life. In 2015, we collected survey data on relationship dynamics, relationship and health histories, and multiple health outcomes from both spouses (ages 35–65) in legally married same- and different-sex marriages (N=838 individuals, 419 dyads; 124 same-sex men couples, 171 same-sex women couples; 124 different-sex couples). We also collected 10 days of daily diary data to assess daily fluctuation in partner dynamics, stress exposure, health behaviors, and psychological and physical symptoms. We propose a Time 2 and Time 3 longitudinal follow-up to: (1) Advance scientific understanding of how relationship dynamics that influence long-term health trajectories may vary for women and men in same- and different-sex marriages; (2) Elucidate how patterns in daily experiences of health-related marital dynamics change across 3 occasions spanning 8 years and how these dynamics vary for women and men in same- and different-sex marriages; and (3) Link the daily diary and survey data to consider how short-term fluctuations in relationship processes affect longer-term change in multiple health outcomes. Based on results from the 2015 baseline survey and diary data, we expect that over time, women and men in same- and different- sex marriages will develop unique patterns of risk (e.g., health-damaging behaviors, stress and distress transmission) and resilience (e.g., emotional support, caregiving, emotion regulation) that affect health. Many of the most important questions about the cumulative effects of marital dynamics on health and how those dynamics change as spouses age require longitudinal data—data that do not currently exist for same-sex couples. The novel cross-sectional dyadic data collected through NIA R21 AG044585 provide a unique opportunity for a longitudinal data collection on aging same- and different-sex married couples. Analysis of these data will provide evidence-based knowledge about the processes that link marital dynamics to health as spouses age and how these processes vary for women and men in same- and different-sex marriages.