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Processes of construction of "the Ethnic" in Michoacan, Mexico, and Cajamarca, Peru. Translocational positionalities of indigenous migrants under colonial rule.

墨西哥米却肯州和秘鲁卡哈马卡的“民族”建设过程。

基本信息

批准号：
279111734
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Sarah Albiez-Wieck
金额：
--
依托单位：
Historisches Seminar
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/279111734?language=en
关键词：
Processes construction Ethnic Michoacan Mexico

项目摘要

Employing a comparative perspective, this project investigates two research questions: First, from which point in time onwards is the social categorisation of ethnicity reasonably applicable as an analytical category in the precursors of the present nation states Mexico and Peru? Second, which significance did it have in comparison with other social categorisations? The project focuses on the individual strategies of indigenous migrants of changing (tribute) categories in so-called peticiones de cambio de fuero. These petitions to change the jurisdiction reflect the positioning of migrants in the colonial society, which shall be analysed as translocational positionalities (Anthias). Indigenous migrants have not yet been in the spotlight of research, but it is to be expected that they enjoyed a considerable leeway when negotiating social categorisations. Furthermore, the sources that are already available point to an interesting network of relationships with indigenous nobility and people of African descent, which was further differentiated by gender roles.I seek to determine whether the different legal categorisations of migrants -which were referred to by different terminologies in Mexico and Peru- gave rise to forms of belonging that could be labelled ethnic, or if they led to an erosion of broader ethnic categorisations. The project focuses on developments in the colonial era and is complemented by a short exploration of potentially relevant (dis-)continuities with the previous prehispanic and the subsequent republican era.The diachronic perspective is supplemented with a synchronic comparison between the regional colonial centres Cajamarca in Northern Peru and Michoacán in West Mexico. Despite their central role, which predates the Spanish colonial empire, Mexico and Peru have scarcely been compared. Especially the analysis of secondary centres promises new findings. The project will put an emphasis on answering the following questions: First, whether potential differences in significance, periodization, and moulding of migration and (ethnic) categorisations can be attributed to continuities with prehispanic times or whether they can be found in a regionally differing articulation of colonial politics by the Spaniards. Second, if the analysed social conditions temporarily outlived the colonial era. The findings promise to bear relevance for current debates regarding the topic of indigeneity.Methodically, the project focuses on the analysis of peticiones de cambio de fuero and related documents. Since translocational positionalities have not been analysed from a historical perspective, a secondary objective is the (further) development and adaptation of methodological instruments, starting from an innovative combination of elements of network analysis and conceptual history.

采用比较的角度来看，这个项目调查两个研究问题：第一，从哪个时间点起，是合理的种族的社会分类适用于作为一个分析类别的前体的民族国家墨西哥和秘鲁？第二，与其他社会分类相比，它有什么意义？该项目的重点是土著移民在所谓的peticiones de cambio de fuero中改变（贡赋）类别的个人战略。这些要求改变司法管辖权的请愿反映了移民在殖民社会中的地位，应将其分析为换位定位（Anthias）。土著移民尚未成为研究的焦点，但可以预期，他们在谈判社会分类时享有相当大的回旋余地。此外，现有的资料来源指出，与土著贵族和非洲裔人之间存在着一种有趣的关系网，这种关系网又因性别角色而进一步区分，我试图确定，对移民的不同法律的分类-在墨西哥和秘鲁用不同的术语来指称-是否产生了可称为族裔的归属形式，或者它们是否导致了更广泛的种族分类的侵蚀。该项目重点关注殖民时代的发展，并对与之前的西班牙时代和随后的共和时代的潜在相关（不）连续性进行了简短的探索。历时的视角通过对秘鲁北方的区域殖民中心卡哈马卡和墨西哥西部的米却肯州之间的同步比较来补充。尽管墨西哥和秘鲁在西班牙殖民帝国之前就发挥了中心作用，但它们很少被拿来比较。特别是对二级中心的分析有望带来新的发现。该项目将把重点放在回答以下问题：第一，是否潜在的差异的意义，分期，移民和（种族）分类的塑造可以归因于连续性与前西班牙时代，或者是否可以在一个区域不同的表达殖民政治的西班牙人。第二，如果分析的社会条件暂时超过殖民时代。这些研究结果有望对当前关于印第安人问题的辩论产生影响。该项目的重点是对peticiones de cambio de fuero和相关文件的分析。由于没有从历史的角度分析迁移的位置，第二个目标是（进一步）发展和调整的方法工具，从网络分析和概念历史的要素的创新组合开始。