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How individual behavioral variation during predator-prey interactions determines invasion success

捕食者与猎物相互作用期间的个体行为变化如何决定入侵成功

基本信息

批准号：
279255259
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Kate Laskowski, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung 4: Biologie der Fische, Fischerei und Aquakultur
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/279255259?language=en
关键词：
How individual behavioral variation during

项目摘要

Invasive species are an increasing problem in our globalized world. Despite their potential dire consequences our ability to predict and limit the impact of future invasion events is still surprisingly limited. Each invasion is characterized by a unique combination of native and invading species. Therefore species interactions, especially predator-prey interactions are at the heart of understanding invasions. There is a large and growing body of work now showing that even within the same species individuals may differ from each other in important functional traits such as behaviour. This sort of consistent individual variation in behaviour, or behavioural types, was typically ignored in traditional ecological theory predicting species relationships and its explicit consideration in future work stands to dramatically improve our understanding of how species interact with each other, and through this, the success of future invasions. Here I propose an integrative project designed to test how behavioural types within native communities, especially native predators, influence a potential invasion by a novel prey species. I will exploit a well-developed simplified aquatic food web with European perch as the top predator, two amphipod species, one native and one invasive, as intermediate predators and leaf litter and smaller invertebrates as basal resources. Using controlled laboratory experiments I will elucidate the behavioural mechanisms underpinning the individual perchs interactions with the native and invasive amphipods. Then replicated pond mesocosms will allow me to test how these behavioural mechanisms play out under more natural settings. Finally, using this data, I will develop a food-web model to understand how native predators influence the invasion process which will ultimately be used to predict future invasions in any system where behaviour of the predators and prey is known. By uniting these two topics, invasion biology and consistent individual differences in behaviour, we stand to not only improve our fundamental understanding of the processes governing species interactions, but importantly enhance our ability to predict and mitigate future invasion events.

入侵物种是我们全球化世界中一个日益严重的问题。尽管它们可能带来可怕的后果，但我们预测和限制未来入侵事件影响的能力仍然令人惊讶地有限。每一次入侵的特点是本地物种和入侵物种的独特组合。因此，物种间的相互作用，特别是捕食者-猎物间的相互作用是理解入侵的核心。现在有越来越多的大量研究表明，即使在同一物种中，个体也可能在重要的功能特征（如行为）上彼此不同。这种行为或行为类型的一致性个体差异通常在预测物种关系的传统生态理论中被忽视，在未来的工作中对其进行明确的考虑将大大提高我们对物种如何相互作用的理解，并通过这种方式，未来入侵的成功。在这里，我提出了一个综合项目，旨在测试如何在本地社区，特别是本地捕食者的行为类型，影响一个新的猎物物种的潜在入侵。我将利用一个发达的简化的水生食物网与欧洲鲈鱼作为顶级捕食者，两个片足类物种，一个本地和一个入侵，作为中间捕食者和落叶和较小的无脊椎动物作为基础资源。使用控制实验室实验，我将阐明的行为机制，支持个人栖息地与本地和入侵片脚类动物的相互作用。然后，复制池塘中生态系统将允许我测试这些行为机制如何在更自然的环境下发挥作用。最后，使用这些数据，我将开发一个食物网模型，以了解本地捕食者如何影响入侵过程，最终将用于预测未来的入侵在任何系统中的捕食者和猎物的行为是已知的。通过结合这两个主题，入侵生物学和一致的个体行为差异，我们不仅可以提高我们对物种相互作用过程的基本理解，而且可以提高我们预测和减轻未来入侵事件的能力。