The Visualization of the Political in German Illustrated Mgazines 1905-1945

图像在政治问题传播过程中的重要性是毋庸置疑的。然而，人们对20世纪上半叶视觉图像在媒体中的使用知之甚少。这个项目的目标是对几十年来视觉政治传播的连续性和变化进行实证检验，并描述其政治层面。在这个时代的报道中，开始出现一种趋势，从文字的至高无上转向照片或图像的内在价值。这几十年标志着图片史上一个全新的时代。摄影图像成为大众制作和发行媒体的核心元素，特别是插图杂志和电影行业的光泽。然而，它所回避的问题尚未得到研究的回答，即20世纪上半叶的政治问题在报纸和杂志插图中得到了多大程度的展示和何种形式的展示。杂志在传达视觉政治内容方面的重要性不可低估，因为在那些年里，它们几乎没有竞争对手。计划中的项目旨在通过对1905-1945年间的全面调查，研究当时视觉政治传播的起源和发展。研究的重点是从两个方面对五个不同历史时期的政治插图进行比较：第一，在晚期德意志帝国君主立宪制的不同政治制度中，魏玛共和国的民主与国家社会主义者的极权专政；第二，帝国的战争与和平时期与第一次世界大战与第二次世界大战之间的独裁统治。问题是政治话题是如何在每一个时期被阐释的，以及这些话题在总体上在视觉交流中扮演了什么角色。在视觉取景概念的基础上，这项研究将对1905至1945年间三种不同杂志的约25,000张照片的内容进行标准化分析。这一分析将考虑到每年春季和秋季三期的所有照片。这些带有政治内容的图像--无论如何解释--将成为更深层次编纂的对象，不仅允许对一段时间内图片的使用进行描述性说明，还允许根据这一历史时期图片中的信息确定视觉框架和分配数字。

The significance of images in the process of communicating political issues is undisputed. Yet little is known of the use of visual images in the media in the first half of the twentieth century. The objective of this project is to empirically examine decades of continuity and change in the visual political communication and to characterize their political dimensions. The beginnings of a trend away from the primacy of the word, towards the intrinsic value of a photo or image emerge in the reporting of this age. These decades mark a completely new era in the history of images. The photographic image became the core element of mass produced and distributed media, especially illustrated magazines and film industry glossies. Yet the question it begs has not yet been answered by research, namely, to what extent and in which form political issues in the first half of the 20th century were shown in newspaper and magazine illustrations. The relevance of magazines for conveying visual political content cannot be underestimated, because in those years they had almost no competition. The planned project aims to research the beginnings and development of visual political communication of the day in a comprehensive survey for the years 1905 - 1945. The focus of the research is a comparison of political illustrations from five different historical periods, under two aspects: First, among different political systems of the constitutional monarchy of the late German empire, the democracy of the Weimar Republic, and the totalitarian dictatorship of the National Socialists; and second, between times of war and peace in the empire and dictatorship between WWI and WWII. The question is how political topics were illustrated in each of these periods and what role these topics played in visual communication in general. Building on the concept of visual framing, the research will provide a standardized analysis of the content from approximately 25,000 photos from three different magazines between the years 1905 to 1945. This analysis will take into account all photos in three issues of both spring and autumn of each year. Those images with political content - however it may be construed - will then be the object of a deeper codification, permitting not only descriptive statements about the use of pictures over the period of time, but also the determination of visual frames and assignment of numbers according to messages in the pictures in this historical period.