Anglicisms in German: Context-dependent interpretation, dynamic restructuring and generalization

德语中的英语主义：依赖于语境的解释、动态重组和概括

• 批准号: 281420799
• 负责人: Dr. Heike Baeskow
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Sprachliche Informationsverarbeitung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/281420799?language=en
• 关键词: Anglicisms; German; Context; dependent; interpretation

From a linguistic point of view, the borrowing of anglicisms (Boom), the formation of pseudo-anglicisms (Handy) or hybrid forms (Großevent) and the spreading of loan meaning (realisieren < to realize, meaning to become aware of, Sinn machen < to make sense) open up new possibilities for research into the dynamics and restructuring of the language system in contact situations. Within the present project, this topic will be approached by applying methodically new data-driven and corpus-based devices. These devices will serve as a basis for symbol-oriented descriptions of structural innovation, which follow the notation of the Generative Lexicon. Since linguistic works on anglicisms are largely restricted to the print media and special languages, an innovation will be a data-driven retrieval and systematization of anglicisms on the basis of very large corpora, which include not only internet-based journalistic texts, but also weblogs, chat rooms and discussion forums as modern forms of interactive communication. Proceeding from the corpus analyses, dentotative and connotative functions of borrowings in the German language system will be identified contrastively and described on a broad empirical basis. The results obtained by means of corpuslinguistic investigations will be automatically compared to the German alternatives offered in isolation by Bartzsch, Pogarell & Schröder (2004) and the Anglizismen-Index. It is to be expected that these reference works fail to capture the subtle meaning components which anglicisms tend to display in their manifold contexts. Furthermore, German weblogs, chats and discussion forums will be compared to journalistic texts with respect to lexical innovation, which primarily comprises the application of English morphemes to German word-formation processes. This comparison is expected to reveal the degree to which anglicisms are part of the competence of German native speakers and thus likely to influence the dynamics of the German language system. The influence of English on the German language system also surfaces in verbal loan meanings (e.g. jemanden für etwas aufbauen < to build someone up for something, einen Angriff fliegen < to fly an attack), which constitute a particular type of indirect loans and whose formal analysis is part of the project, too. An analysis of the computationally detected linguistic contexts will show that these forms, like direct loans, are capable of causing diversification within a flexible language system. Thus, the project is innovative in the following ways: (a) it is massively data-driven, (b) it focuses on structures and on the dynamics of borrowing processes, (c) it provides new forms of data compression and thus allows for an empirically motivated, formal description of the meanings associated with anglicisms, (d) it aims at a generalization of the results supported by collaborative IT tools.

从语言学的角度来看，英语词的借用（Boom），伪英语词（Handy）或混合形式（Großevent）的形成以及借用意义（realisieren < to realize，meaning to become aware of，Sinn machen < to make sense）的传播为研究接触情境中语言系统的动态和重组开辟了新的可能性。在本项目中，将通过系统地应用新的数据驱动和基于语料库的设备来处理这个主题。这些设备将作为一个基础上的符号为导向的结构创新的描述，它遵循的符号生成词典。由于英语语言学的著作主要局限于印刷媒体和特殊语言，一个创新将是一个数据驱动的检索和系统化的英语的基础上非常大的语料库，其中不仅包括基于互联网的新闻文本，但也博客，聊天室和论坛作为现代形式的互动交流。从语料库分析出发，德语系统中的借词的指称和内涵功能将被识别对比，并在广泛的实证基础上进行描述。通过语料库语言学调查获得的结果将自动与Bartzsch，Pogarell & Schröder（2004）和Anglizismen-Index单独提供的德语替代方案进行比较。这是可以预期的，这些参考作品未能捕捉微妙的意义成分，英语往往显示在其多种背景下。此外，德国的博客，聊天和论坛将比较新闻文本方面的词汇创新，其中主要包括英语词素的应用程序，德国的构词过程。这种比较有望揭示英语在多大程度上是德语母语者能力的一部分，从而可能影响德语系统的动态。英语对德语系统的影响也体现在动词借词意义上（例如，jemanden für etwas aufbauen <为某事建立某人，einen Angriff fliegen <发动攻击），这构成了一种特殊类型的间接贷款，其形式分析也是项目的一部分。对计算检测到的语言环境的分析将表明，这些形式，如直接贷款，能够在灵活的语言系统中引起多样化。因此，该项目在以下方面具有创新性：（a）它是大量数据驱动的，（B）它侧重于结构和借用过程的动态，（c）它提供了新的数据压缩形式，从而允许对与英语相关的含义进行经验驱动的正式描述，（d）它旨在推广由协作信息技术工具支持的结果。