Acoustic-phonetic variability in infant- and adult-directed speech in young parents

这项拟议的项目调查了谨慎说话的典型语音关联与性别特定角色之间的潜在关系-在这里，角色是婴儿的主要照顾者。这项研究的重点不仅在于婴儿指导的言语，而且特别是关于作为主要照顾者对成人指导的言语的潜在影响。通过对德国和瑞典这方面的研究，可以进行跨语言和跨文化的分析。此外，瑞典特别令人感兴趣，因为它自20世纪70年代以来在欧洲的性别平等和家庭与工作兼容方面处于领先地位。因此，传统性别角色正在发生的变化将反映在这一分析中。此外，还将讨论作为主要照料者在语言清晰度方面的性别差异的潜在影响因素的长期辩论。将对30名德国和瑞典母亲以及30名德国和瑞典父亲的朗读和自发讲话进行录音。参与者应休至少四个月的育儿假，并在此期间作为婴儿的主要照顾者。婴儿和成人讲话的录音将在四个时间点(儿童出生前、育儿假期间(两个时间点)和育儿假之后)进行。此外，由10名德国父亲和10名瑞典父亲组成的对照组没有休育儿假，这将是分析的一部分。所研究的清晰度语音相关因素包括音段时长和频谱参数、元音间距、浊音对比的实现和说话基频的调制。所选择的参数以婴儿定向言语和特定性别变异性中常见的方面为导向。该项目的目标细分为两个主要目标：(A)调查父亲(和母亲)在针对婴儿的讲话中提高言语清晰度的变化，以及育儿假持续时间可能产生的影响；以及(B)在育儿假期间或甚至在育儿假期间或之后，在针对成人的讲话(导致性别差异减少)中，父亲的语音清晰度可能发生的变化。

The proposed project investigates the potential relationship between typical phonetic correlates of careful speech and gender-specific roles - here, in the function of a primary caregiver of an infant. The focus of the study does not lie solely on infant-directed speech, but in particular on the potential impact of being the primary caregiver on adult-directed speech. By investigating this aspect in Germany and Sweden cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analyses can be made. Furthermore, Sweden is particularly interesting due to its leading position in gender equality and the compatibility of family and work in Europe since the 1970s. Thus, the ongoing change of the conventional gender roles will be reflected in this analysis. Moreover, the longstanding debate on the potential influencing factors of being the primary caregiver on gender-specific differences in clarity of speech will be addressed. Acoustic recordings of read and spontaneous speech of 30 German and Swedish mothers and 30 German and Swedish fathers will be carried out. The participants should be on parental leave for at least four month and be the primary caregiver for the infant during this time. Recordings of both infant- and adult-directed speech will be made at four time points (before the birth of the child, during parental leave (2 time points) and after parental leave). In addition, a control group of 10 German and 10 Swedish fathers that are not on parental leave will be part of the analysis. The investigated phonetic correlates of clear speech comprise the temporal aspect of segment durations and the spectral parameters acoustic vowel space, realization of sibilant contrast and modulation of speaking fundamental frequency. The chosen parameters are oriented on aspects typically found in infant-directed speech and gender-specific variability. The aims of the project are subdivided into two main objectives: a) the investigation of a change towards an enhancement of speech clarity in infant-directed speech in fathers (and mothers), and a possible effect of the duration of parental leave; and b) the potential change in the fathers phonetic correlates of clear speech also in adult-directed speech (resulting in a decrease in gender-specific differences), during, or even after parental leave.